Assumption 1: Behaviour is influenced by the unconscious mind

1. Assumption 1: Behaviour is influenced by the unconscious mind • We have an unconscious mind which influences our behaviour • We are unaware of our unconscious • The unconscious mind contains socially unacceptable ideas, wishes or desires, traumatic memories, and painful emotions – which we have repressed

2. The Psychoanalytic Approach • Sigmund Freud – 19th Century/early 20th

3. Assumption 1: Behaviour is influenced by the unconscious mind • Freudian slip • You say something which accidentally reveals your unconscious desire. Can often be sexual or violent • “Let’s get some eggs from the shop” becomes “Lets get some sex from the shop” • “When I see him I will thank him” becomes “When I see him I will hit him” • Can you think of an example of when this has happened to you?

4. Assumption 1: Behaviour is influenced by the unconscious mind • Other ways of accessing the unconscious • Dream analysis • Rorschach inkblot test • Word association • Have a go at word association • Rorschach inkblot test

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11. Assumption 2: Different levels of consciousness • The mind is like an iceberg • Conscious: what we are aware of • Preconscious: what we could be conscious of if we turned our attention • Unconscious: inaccessible

12. Assumption 3: The Tripartite Model of Personality • We do not have one unified personality, but 3 different parts • They pull us in different directions. • “I really need to study, but I want to go to a party with my friends”. • ID • EGO • SUPEREGO

13. Assumption 4: Ego defence mechanisms • How the ego protects itself from unconscious thoughts and feelings • Can push a desire out of consciousness, or transfer it to something else. • Repression • Displacement • Projection

14. Assumption 5: Early childhood experiences and relationships • Events in childhood shape our adult personality • Traumatic events can be repressed and cause stress later in life • Relationships with parents set template for adult relationships • Describe some ways that adult personality may be shaped by your childhood.

15. Freud’s Psychoanalytic TheoryBarriers to Development • Extreme neglect and abuse • Extreme permissiveness or unconditional warmth • No warmth or affection

16. Psychoanalytic types of Offenders • Weak superego type • Weak ego type • Normal antisocial offender • Neurotic offender • Other • Psychotic • Developmentally delayed • Situational offender • Substance abuse, intoxication • Accidental offender

17. Weak Superego type • Reckless disregard for conventional rules • Antisocial Cognitions • Weak conventional ambitions • Lack of ego-ideal • Conduct problems • Conflict with authority figures • Separateness from others

18. Weak Ego Type • Immaturity • Poorly developed social skills • Poor reality testing • Excessive dependence • Following the leader • Stumbling into criminal activities

19. “Normal” Antisocial Offender • Identification with criminal parent • Superego is procriminal

20. Neurotic Offender • Unconscious desire to be punished • Overactive superego