ECE5320 Mechatronics Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: Pneumatic Actuator

1. ECE5320 MechatronicsAssignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: Pneumatic Actuator Prepared by: Andres Contreras Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University E: andres.contreras@aggiemail.usu.edu T: (435)512-2156 F: (435)797-3054 W: http://www.engineering.usu.edu/ece March 06, 2009

2. Outline • Reference list • To probe further • Introduction • Major applications • Basic working principle illustrated • A typical sample configuration in application. • Major specifications • Limitations • Other relevant issues in applications ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

3. Reference list • http://www.nfpa.com/OurIndustry/OurInd_AboutFP_WhatIsPneumatics.asp • http://www.engineersedge.com/hydraulic/pneumatic_actuator.htm • http://www.teamdavinci.com/understanding_pneumatics.htm • http://www.wikipedia.com • Robert H. Bishop, THE MECHATRONICS HANDBOOK, CRC Press, 2002. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

4. To explore further • A good place to further explore is the website www.teamdavinci.com. • Another good places are the manufacturer websites such as: • http://www.fpweb.com/. • www.parker.com. • www.DanaherMotion.com/Actuators  • Finally, the Mechatronics Handbook and Google are other good sources. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

5. Introduction From the National Fluid Power association we get the following deffinition for pneumatics: “ In a nutshell, pneumatics is a means whereby signals and energy are transmitted, controlled and distributed using pressurized air as the medium. Pneumatics can be effectively combined with other technologies through the use of sensors, transducers and microprocessors” ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

6. Major applications Pneumatics actuators have a broad range of applications such as: • Mechatronics. • Food Production Lines. • Medical Equipments. • Chemical Industries. • Vehicles. • Aerospace. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

7. Major applications • Operation of Bus Doors. • Operation of Machine Tools. • Operation of Work Holding Devices. • Air Tools. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

8. Simplified Diagram of Pneumatic Actuator http://www.engineersedge.com/hydraulic/pneumatic_actuator.htm ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

9. A Basic Pneumatic System • Intake Air Filter. • Compressor. • After Cooler. • Air Separator. • Pressure Switch. • Safety Valve. • Air Receiver. • Air Service Unit. • Directional Valves • Actuators ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

10. Most Common Types of Pneumatic Actuators • Cylinders: Transform the energy of compress air in a lineal movement. The are the most common elements in pneumatic. • Pneumatic Motors: Transform the energy of compressed air in circular movement. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

11. Types of Cylinders • Single Acting (Air to Spring) and Double Acting (Air to Air). • Diaphragm Actuator: Used mainly on linear motion valves but also suitable for rotary motion valves when used with some kind of linear to rotary motion linkage. • Piston Cylinder Actuator: Used on both linear and rotary motion valves. Must be coupled with some kind of linear to rotary motion linkage when used with rotary motion valves. • Scotch Yoke Actuator: Used to transfer linear motion to rotary motion. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

12. Types of Cylinders • Single Acting (Air to Spring) and Double Acting (Air to Air). • Rack and Pinion Actuator: Used to transfer the linear motion of piston cylinder actuators to rotary motion. Rack and pinion is ideal for automating manually operated valves. • Vane Actuator: Used with rotary motion valves. • Lever and Link Actuator:   A splinted or slotted lever attached to the valve shaft to transfer the linear motion of diaphragm or piston cylinder actuators to rotary motion. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

13. Single Acting (Air to Spring) • They have a single connection of compressed air. • They can only realize work in one direction. • The piston rod returns by means of an external force, usually a spring. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

14. A typical sample configuration in application http://www.teamdavinci.com/understanding_pneumatics.htm ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

15. Control System with MR Brake and Pneumatic Actuator http://pcc.imir.agh.edu.pl/poz20/fig5.gif ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

16. Major Specifications • Cylinder Force: It is important to know the real force of the piston. To do so, it is necessary to take into account the friction force which can be between a 3% to 10% of the calculated force. • Air consumption. It is important to calculate the air consumption in order to estimate the energy utilization. • Velocity. It is very important to know the speed of displacement. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

17. Major Specifications • Dimensions. The diameter of the cylinder and the length of the piston rod are very important dimensions. • Joint. There are different types of joints and they are the one that prevent the air form escaping out of the cylinder. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

18. Advantages • Faster Response. • Clean Operation. • Can be used in water. • Robust System that are virtually maintenance free. • Is a Low Power System. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

19. Advantages • Leaks are Clean. • Components are Lighter. • Air is Cheap. • Explosion Proof. • Easily Transportable. • Variable Speed. • Wide Operation Temperatures ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

20. Disadvantages • Preparation: Require to remove dirt and humidity. • Compressible: Not possible to achieve uniform and constant position speeds. • Force Requirements: • Low Working Loads. • The requiered ouput force is economical only up to 30KN. • Initial Cost: Expensive initial inversion. • Exhaust Air: Noisy. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

21. Other Relevant Issues • Some Common Brands • Crouzet • Ace Controls • Legris • SMC • Copley Developments ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators