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Creation of Israel

Creation of Israel. Ancient Times. Jerusalem as a holy city for Jews, Muslims, and Christians Jerusalem as the capital city of the Jewish people Roman Empire exiled Jewish people Jews lived throughout world, mostly in Europe. Ottoman Rule and British Mandate.

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Creation of Israel

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  1. Creation of Israel

  2. Ancient Times • Jerusalem as a holy city for Jews, Muslims, and Christians • Jerusalem as the capital city of the Jewish people • Roman Empire exiled Jewish people • Jews lived throughout world, mostly in Europe

  3. Ottoman Rule and British Mandate • 1914-1919: As a result of WW1 Ottoman Empire collapsed • 1917: “Balfour Declaration” letter from Foreign Secretary Balfour to Lord Rothschild, Jewish leader in Britain: “His Majesty's Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people” • 1919: League of Nations, gave “mandate” to Britain to govern Palestine • 1939-1945: WW2 and Holocaust • created Jewish immigration to Palestine • increased world sympathy for the Jewish people

  4. 1948: Creation of Israel • 1948: Britain left Israel, leaving control to a new country, Israel • Immediate war between Israelis, Palestinians, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq • Israel survived; Armistice boundaries gave West Bank to Jordan, and Gaza Strip to Egypt. • Geographically, borders of Israel difficult to defend

  5. 1956 War • Egypt created many small border incursions and threatened to close the Suez Canal and access to Red Sea to Israel • With French and UK support, Israel preemptively invaded Sinai Peninsula • UN demanded Israel’s withdrawal; Israel returned Sinai after a few months UN Soldiers patrolling Sinai in 1957

  6. 1967: Six-Day War • 1964: Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) formed in exile • Escalating tensions between Israel and Egypt led to Six Day War • Israel immediately defeated Egypt, Syria, and Jordan • Israel seized Sinai Peninsula, Golan Heights, and West Bank • 500,000 Palestinians fled

  7. 1973 Yom Kippur War • Egypt, Syria, and Jordan fought Israel to regain lost land • Israel defended land after initial losses • Saudi Arabia refused to sell oil to countries supporting Israel until 1974 • Throughout 1970s, Palestinian terrorist attacks against Israel (e.g., 1972 Olympics) • 1977: Egypt’s Anwar Sadat flew to Israel and spoke to parliament -- first Arab leader to recognize the state of Israel

  8. 1978: Camp David Accord • 1978: Israel and Egypt signed Camp David accord under President Jimmy Carter • Israel returned Sinai Peninsula, Egypt promised peace • US promised huge aid to both Israel and Egypt • Egypt and Israel at peace ever since • Sadat was assassinated in 1981

  9. Palestinian Guerrilla Uprising • Camp David accord effectively ended international wars over Israel • PLO in exile • Bombings in Israel; guerrilla bases in southern Lebanon • 1982: Israel invaded Lebanon to destroy bases • 1987: Intifada uprising began in Gaza Strip and spread to West Bank • 1990s; Israeli established “settlements” in land previously controlled by Palestinians

  10. Creation of an Independent Palestine • 1993: Oslo peace accord, brokered by Bill Clinton • 1994: Creation of autonomous Palestinian lands inside Israel • PLO’s Yasser Arafat allowed to return to Palestine, where he led the Palestinian National Authority • Plans call for eventual creation of independent Palestine • 2000s: Suicide bombings • 2003: Start of construction of wall separating Israel from Palestinian land

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