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Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis. Review!. What are some functions of proteins? Enzymes , which speed up chemical reactions Build and repair cell structures Determine the structure & function of living organisms. Review!. Proteins are polymers , made up of monomers called amino acids

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Protein Synthesis

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  1. Protein Synthesis

  2. Review! • What are some functions of proteins? • Enzymes, which speed up chemical reactions • Build and repair cell structures • Determine the structure & function of living organisms

  3. Review! • Proteins are polymers, made up of monomers called amino acids • There are 20 different types of amino acids

  4. Review! • What codes for these proteins? • DNA contains the sequence of nucleotides that codes for the synthesis of proteins. • Problem: • DNA is found in the nucleus. • Proteins are made at the ribosomes, which are found in the cytoplasm

  5. HOW CAN THE INFORMATION FROM THE NUCLEUS GET TO THE RIBOSOME? • RNA! – mRNA is used to move information from the DNA to ribosomes • This process is called TRANSCRIPTION.

  6. Translation • The process of converting the information in the nitrogen base sequence of mRNA into a sequence of amino acids which make up proteins • Occurs in the RIBOSOMES

  7. Translation • 1. mRNA attaches and passes through the ribosome. • 2. First codon on mRNA moves into position. • 3. tRNA(transfer RNA) starts to bring amino acids to the ribosome.

  8. Translation • 4. tRNAANTICODON matches up to mRNA codon. • 5. mRNA slides through the ribosome to next mRNA codon.

  9. Translation • 6. New tRNA anticodon matches to next mRNA codon. • 7. Amino acids on two tRNAs form a peptide bond with one another. First tRNAfloats away to pick up another amino acid for later use

  10. Translation • 8. Process continues until a stop codon on the mRNA is reached. • 9. Result = an amino acid chain is created *Chain of amino acids = polypeptide chain = PROTEIN (more than one polypeptide chain) • Protein Synthesis Animation

  11. Let’s Review…again!

  12. Decode the following • If the coding DNA strand contained the following sequence: TAC CGA TTG ACT • What would the mRNA strand be? AUG GCU AAC UGA • What would the tRNA sequence be? UAC CGA UUG ACU • What would the amino acid sequence be? (base it on the mRNA strand!) methionine, alanine, asparagine, “stop”

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