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Chapter 10

Paleoanthropology : Reconstructing Early Hominid Behavior and Ecology. Chapter 10. The earliest evidence of hominids dates to the end of the Miocene and includes dental and cranial pieces. . Definition of Hominid. Learned behavior Non-body adaptations to the environment.

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Chapter 10

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  1. Paleoanthropology: Reconstructing Early Hominid Behavior and Ecology Chapter 10

  2. The earliest evidence of hominids dates to the end of the Miocene and includes dental and cranial pieces. Definition of Hominid

  3. Learned behavior Non-body adaptations to the environment. Identified among our closest ape relatives. Culture

  4. A pattern of evolution in which the rates of evolution in one functional system vary from those in other systems. Mosaic Evolution

  5. Mosaic Evolutionof Hominid Characteristics

  6. Mosaic Evolutionof Hominid Characteristics

  7. Mosaic Evolutionof Hominid Characteristics

  8. Mosaic Evolutionof Hominid Characteristics

  9. Paleoanthropology is the study of early humans. This field uses many aspects of other disciplines Paleoanthropology

  10. Artifacts • Objects or materials made or modified for use by hominids. • Taphonomy • The study of how bones and other materials came to be buried in the earth and preserved as fossils. • Context • The environmental setting where an archaeological trace is found. Definitions

  11. Olduvai Gorge

  12. Zinjanthropus • Zinjanthropus cranium, discovered by Mary Leakey at Olduvai Gorge in 1959.

  13. The Main Gorge at Olduvai

  14. Paleoanthropologists use two types of dating methods to tell us the age of sites and fossils: • Relative dating • Chronometric (absolute) dating Dating Methods

  15. Stratigrapy Fluorine analysis Biostratigraphy Paleomagnetism Relative Dating Techniques

  16. The age of an object can be determined by measuring the rate of disintegration: • Potassium/argon (k/Ar) • Carbon-14 • Thermoluminiscence Chronometric Dating Techniques

  17. Excavations in Progress at Olduvai • This site, more than 1 million years old, was located when a hominid ulna (arm bone) was found eroding out of the side of the gorge.

  18. Grouped into categories: “Butchering” localities Quarry localities Multipurpose localities Data From Oluvai

  19. Remains at Olduvai • A dense scatter of stone and some fossilized animal bone from a site at Olduvai, dated at approximately 1.6 mya.

  20. Stone Tool (Lithic) Technology

  21. Flake and Core

  22. Direct Percussion

  23. Pressure Flaking

  24. Microwear • Arrows indicate implement edge.

  25. Environmental Determinsim Stable Carbon Isotopes Environment and Paleoantrhopology

  26. Factors Influencing the Initial Evolution of Bipedal Locomotion

  27. Factors Influencing the Initial Evolution of Bipedal Locomotion

  28. Factors Influencing the Initial Evolution of Bipedal Locomotion

  29. Factors Influencing the Initial Evolution of Bipedal Locomotion

  30. Efficient bipedalism as the primary form of locomotion is seen only in hominids. • Advantages of bipedalism: • Freed the hands • Wider view • Cover long distances efficiently The Bipedal Adaptation

  31. Bipedalism as the only form of hominid terrestrial locomotion. Obligate Bipedalism

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