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Participation in RHIC experiments Krzysztof Woźniak The Henryk Niewodniczański

Participation in RHIC experiments Krzysztof Woźniak The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Kraków. RHIC. PHOBOS. BRAHMS pp2pp. BRAHMS pp2pp. PHENIX. STAR. RHIC. Physics goals:

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Participation in RHIC experiments Krzysztof Woźniak The Henryk Niewodniczański

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  1. Participation in RHIC experiments Krzysztof Woźniak The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Kraków Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  2. RHIC PHOBOS BRAHMS pp2pp BRAHMS pp2pp PHENIX STAR Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  3. RHIC • Physics goals: • creation of extreme energy density in the collisions of heavy nuclei • search for signals of a transition to a new state of matter: QGP • study of the properties of QGP • spin physics: study of collisions of polarized protons Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  4. RHIC runs • Physic runs 2000-2005: • Au+Au at √sNN = 19.6 GeV to 200 GeV • d+Au at √sNN = 200 GeV • p+p at √s = 200 GeV • Cu+Cu at √sNN = 200 GeV Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  5. RHIC – main discoveries • attenuation of high pt particles and jets • collective phenomena (elliptic flow) • approach to chemical equilibrium • scaling laws • New type of strongly interacting matter Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  6. PHENIX Unique features: in addition to measuring precisely global characteristics designed to study direct photons, electrons, charm and bottom production no Polish participation Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  7. STAR Unique features: precise measurement of global characteristics full azimuthal coverage for ||<1.5 Warsaw University of Technology Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  8. STAR – jet suppression Pedestal&flow subtracted In central Au+Au collisions jet’s opposite side partner is missing, while it is present in p+p and d+Au collisions jet absorption in dense matter Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  9. STAR – elliptic flow At RHIC energy elliptic flow reaches the limit set by hydrodynamical models evidence of strong interactions between constituents of the medium dN/d(φ -φR ) = N0 (1 + 2V1cos(φ-φR) + 2V2cos(2(φ-φR)) + ... ) Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  10. STAR – Polish participation • Institution: Warsaw University of Technology • (group leader prof. Jan Pluta) • Participants: 1 (prof) + 3 (PhD) + • 3 (PhD students) + 4 (students) • Responsibility: involved in construction of Silicon Strip Detector, analysis of data (HBTcorrelations), software work, data taking • Financial support 2000-2004: • external grant (from STAR): 10 k$/year • internal: 30 kPLN/year Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  11. BRAHMS Unique feature: two rotable spectrometer arms covering angles from 90o down to 2.3o Jagiellonian University Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  12. BRAHMS – high pt suppression In central Au+Au collisions particles with high pt are suppressed while in d+Au collisions their production is enhanced (Cronin effect) high ptpartons interact with the medium Nuclear modification factor: RAA = 1/Ncoll (d2NAA/dptdy)/(d2Npp/dptdy) Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  13. Brahms – net baryons The number of net-protons in Au+Au collision is decreasing with collision energy. We are approaching barion free regime. Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  14. BRAHMS – Polish participation Polish contribution to detector construction: drift chambers builtat Jagiellonian University, Kraków Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  15. BRAHMS – Polish participation • Institutions: Jagiellonian University, Kraków • (group leader prof. Zbigniew Majka) • (1 person from INP PAN, Kraków) • Participants: 3 (prof., dr hab.) + 2 (PhD) + • 1 (PhD student) + 2 (technicians) • Responsibility: drift chamber maintenance, analysis of data, data taking • Financial support 2000-2004: • external grant (KBN): 80 kPLN • internal: 70 kPLN Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  16. PHOBOS Unique features: largest pseudorapididty coverage || < 5.4 two spectrometer arms measuring charged particles with lowest pt (downto 30 MeV/c) Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN Kraków Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  17. PHOBOS dN/d 6% central dNch/dh ¢/<Npart>/2 Au+Au ’ = - ybeam PRL 91, 052303 (2003) Large acceptance in  allows study of extended longitudinal scaling Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  18. PHOBOS elliptic flow v2 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0 v2 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0   -4 -2 0 2 4 -4 -2 0 2 4 (0-40% central Au+Au data) PRL 89, 222301 (2002) dN/d(φ -φR ) = N0 (1 + 2V1cos(φ-φR) + 2V2cos(2(φ-φR)) + ... ) Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  19. PHOBOS low pt continuous pt dependence – no low pt enhancement expected for a weakly interacting system observation consistent with a stong radial flow Phys. Rev. C70, 051901(R) (2004) Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  20. PHOBOS – Polish participation • In Poland were designed and built: • all support structures for silicon detectors • the detector cooling system Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  21. PHOBOS – Polish participation • Institution: Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków (group leader prof. Barbara Wosiek) • Participants: 2 (prof.) + 4 (PhD) + 1 (PhD student) • Responsibility: cooling system, Monte Carlo simulations, analysis of data, data taking • Financial support 2000-2004: • external grants (KBN): 220 kPLN • internal: 20 kPLN/year Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  22. pp2pp experiment Spin dependence of proton-proton elastic scattering – determination of b – nuclear slope parameter http://www.rhic.bnl.gov/pp2pp/ for pp – known up to √s = 1.8 TeV for pp – known up to √s = 63 GeV new point for pp √s = 200 GeV Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  23. pp2pp experiment Polish participation • Institutions: Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Kraków, Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warszawa (group leader dr hab. Andrzej Sandacz) • Participants: 1 (dr hab.) + 2 (PhD) • Responsibility: software, analysis of the data, data taking • Financial support: • external grant (PAN): ~6 kPLN Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  24. Polish participation Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  25. RHIC finances * in addition to salaries of physicists and technicians ** costs of materials only *** estimated value in US prices Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  26. Future • the data already collected will be analyzed in several next years • RHIC will collide nuclei in next few years, but small experiments (BRAHMS, PHOBOS) may be closed earlier • the future is LHC – heavy ion groups are already involved in ALICE and ATLAS experiments Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  27. References Current publication lists of all experiments can be found on WWW starting from: http://www.bnl.gov/rhic Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  28. RHIC run dates • Physic runs 2000-2005: • 2000: Au+Au at √sNN = 56 GeV and 130 GeV • 2001: Au+Au at √sNN = 200 GeV and 19.6 GeV • 2003: d+Au at √sNN = 200 GeV • 2004: Au+Au at √sNN = 200 GeV and 63 GeV • 2005: Cu+Cu at √sNN = 200 GeV • 2001/2, 2003 and 2004: p+p at √s = 200 GeV Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  29. PHOBOS dN/d at =0 Charged particle density per pair of nucleons participating in Au+Au collision is similar to that in e+e- interaction Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  30. PHOBOS dN/d at =0 Collision centrality dependence of charged particle density per pair of participating nucleons can be described by Saturation Model Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  31. PHOBOS particle ratios PHOBOS 130 GeV PRL 87 (2001)102301 PHOBOS 200 GeV PRC 67 (2003) 0211901 Anti-particle to particle ratios are approaching unity when energy increases. Indication of chemical equlibrium. Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  32. BRAHMS – high pt and high  Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

  33. Brahms – particle ratios In central region (y=0) the ratio of the number of anti-particles to particles is approaching unity. approximate chemical equilibrium Krzysztof Woźniak IFJ PAN Kraków

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