The Basic Things We Have To Know About Influenza Virus

1. Huateng Pharma https://en.huatengsci.com The Basic Things We Have To Know About Influenza Virus 1. Influenza viruses are highly infectious and mutate easily Influenza, commonly known as "the flu", is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza virus. Influenza viruses are highly contagious and are mainly spread through the respiratory tract. According to the antigenicity of nucleoprotein and matrix protein, influenza viruses are divided into type A , type B, and type C. Influenza viruses, especially influenza viruses A, are susceptible to mutation, which makes the population generally susceptible and has a high incidence rate, which has caused outbreaks in the world many times. The clinical manifestations of influenza mainly include fever, headache, myalgia, and general discomfort. The body temperature can reach 39-40°C. It is often accompanied by systemic symptoms such as chills, systemic muscle and joint pain, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Some patients may have sore throat, dry cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, discomfort behind the sternum, flushing of the face, conjunctival hyperemia, etc. Some others may have mild symptoms or no flu symptoms. The most common complication of influenza is pneumonia. Other complications include nervous system damage, heart damage, myositis and rhabdomyolysis, and septic shock. Image from wikipedia 2. People are generally susceptible to influenza virus Infection source: The mainly infection source of influenza virus is patients and invisible

2. Huateng Pharma https://en.huatengsci.com infections. It is infectious from the end of the incubation period to the acute period. The virus generally continues to release in human respiratory secretions for 3-7 days, and it can take more than 1 week for children, immunocompromised and critically ill patients. Transmission route: The mainly transmission route of influenza virus is through droplets such as sneezing and coughing, and through the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and eyes direct or indirect contac. Contact with physical object contaminated by the virus can also be infected through the above-mentioned ways. In certain places, such as densely crowded and closed or poorly ventilated rooms, it may also spread through aerosols, which should be a cause for alarm. Susceptible population: People are generally susceptible to influenza virus, but certain people are more likely to develop severe cases after infection. For most people, the influenza resolves on its own. But sometimes, influenza and its complications can be deadly. People at higher risk of developing flu complications include: (1). Young children under age 5 (2). Adults older than age 65 (3). People with weakened immune systems (4). Pregnant and perinatal women (5). People who have chronic illnesses, such as asthma, malignant tumor, heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease and diabetes (6). People who are very obese, with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher Seasonal characteristics: Influenza virus infection has seasonal characteristics. Influenza viruses cause a large number of sporadic respiratory diseases (seasonal epidemics) every year in the temperate zone of autumn and winter.

3. Huateng Pharma https://en.huatengsci.com 3. Basic treatment principles of influenza The basic treatment principle is clinically diagnosed and isolate the confirmed cases as soon as possible. Symptomatic treatment: People with high fever can be physically cooled, or use antipyretic drugs. Patients with severe cough and sputum should be given cough and expectorant drugs. According to the degree of hypoxia, oxygen therapy is used in an appropriate manner. Antiviral treatment: Patients who are severely ill or have high-risk factors for severe influenza should be given empirical anti-influenza treatment as soon as possible without waiting for the virus test results. Drug treatment: The drugs used to treat influenza include oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, etc. These are all neuraminidase inhibitor drugs, especially for oseltamivir, it has a wide range of applications and can be applied to infants , children and adults. 4. Prevention of influenza Though the annual influenza vaccine isn't 100% effective, it's still your best defense against the flu. The flu vaccine is safe and effective. In principle, hospitals should provide immunization services to all persons at least 6 months of age who wish to be vaccinated without contraindication. In China, pregnant women, children between 6 months and 5 years of age, elderly people aged 60 and above, and patients with chronic diseases and other high-risk groups of influenza and medical personnel are recommended as priority groups for vaccination. In addition to influenza vaccination, you can also take preventive medications, such as oseltamivir, zanamivir and peramivir. The preventive dose must be reduced compared to the therapeutic dose. Huateng Pharma, is a well-known manufacturer of pharmaceutical APIs and intermediates. We supply Anti-Viral intermediates, such as oseltamivir intermediates, remdesivir intermediates, favipiravir intermediates and baloxavir marboxil intermediates, etc. We are able to provide the services of Anti-Viral intermediates' process development and scale-up production with capacities varying from gram to kilograms and multi tons.