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Agriculture and environment are tied each other, Every activities in agriculture leave effect in environments. But in last decades, to get maximum and to feed a large population, way of agriculture has been dramatically changed, and are effecting environment badly
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Environment Impacts of Agriculture on
1. Degradation of Land: 5 Major Impacts of Agriculture 2. DEFORESTATION: 3. BIODIVERSITY: 4. PEST PROBLEM: 5. DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL & AGRICULTURAL WASTES
1. Degradation of Land: The degradation of land is one of major concern and danger for sustainable agriculture. At the same time, intense agriculture and increasing dependence on irrigation have resulted in salinity, alkalinity and water scarcity Key Points: (a) Imbalance and Deficiency of soil nutrients due to intensive cultivation. (c) Decline in the organic structure in the soil. (d) Deforestation and overgrazing causing wind erosion. (e) Decline in underground water due to over exhaustion for high water using crops, increase in cropping intensity, and increase in cultivated area etc. (f) Polluting the water with high use of nitrogen
2. Deforestation Deforestation is the permanent and intentional clearing of forested land by humans, often for agricultural expansion, timber harvesting for fuel or building materials, mining, and human settlement. Key Impacts of : (a)Loss of Habitat of forest (b)Increased Greenhouse Gases (c)disturb the Water system of the Atmosphere (d)leads to Soil Erosion and Flooding
3. Biodiversity Agricultural activities such as tillage, drainage, intercropping, rotation, grazing and extensive usage of pesticides and fertilizers have significant implications for wild species of flora and fauna. Species capable of adapting to the agricultural landscape may be limited directly by the disturbance regimes of grazing, planting and harvesting, and indirectly by the abundance of plant and insect foods available.
4. Pest Problem: To get the maximum and feed the large population, forcing to shift the crop pattern, increase in area under irrigation and higher cropping intensity. By this the pest problem become very severe that leads to use of pesticides. Key Impacts of : (a)lack natural control of pest due to decrease in predatory birds and insects population (b)direct effect on human and animal health (c)health hazards due to residual of pesticides in food (d)Pollute the natural resource like water, air
5. Disposal of Industrial & Agricultural Wastes Waste materials are either usable or unusable products left behind after production, are of different kinds and come from various sources. Even The biodegradable wastes are being focused for utilizing its nutritional and desirable qualities and made into various usable products. But stillWaste as in general is causing environmental pollution on earth surface, water, and air. Among the various sources agricultural crop residues, used pesticides, insecticides, fertilizers, and other indiscriminate use of chemicals causing environmental threats and already translocated through food chain causing several human diseases.
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