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Balancing Service Provision through Distributed Energy Resources

Explore challenges and solutions for integrating DERs in TSO-level balancing markets. Investigate effects of various market models on costs, profits, and RES integration.

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Balancing Service Provision through Distributed Energy Resources

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  1. Balancing Service Provision through Distributed Energy Resources PhD Candidate: ManaFarrokhseresht Supervisors: Dr. Nikolaos G. Paterakis Dr. Madeleine Gibescu Prof. dr. Han Slootweg Electrical Energy Systems Group

  2. Overview • Balancing service & Balancing market • Participation of DERs in TSO-level balancing markets; challenges and solutions • Balancing market models for DERs participation • Research question • Current work • Contribution of my PhD work Electrical Energy Systems

  3. Balancing & congestion management in the modern power system • Increasing Distributed Energy Resources (DERs): • Handling additional uncertainty • Supply-demand balancing and frequency stability • More need for power balancing • Balancing service: • Up/downward regulation • keeps the system frequency value within certain limits. • Balancing market: • Ensures that reserves can secure power balancing and network flows • Provides TSOs sufficient cost-efficient reserves Frequency evaluation between 08:00 to 00:12 in Great Britain [1] [1] Modern Power System, “European solar survives its darkest hour”, Oct. 2015. Electrical Energy Systems

  4. Participation of DERs in balancing markets • DERs such as demand respond, electrical storage systems, wind generators, etc. can deliver balancing services. • Two main barriers for participation of DERs in TSO-level balancing market: • Their small size, • Distribution network constraints. Electrical Energy Systems

  5. Solutions • Small-size DERs: - Aggregator - Local balancing market • Distribution network constraints: - TSO-DSO interaction Local balancing market TSO-level balancing market Electrical Energy Systems

  6. TSO-DSO Interaction 1) Static limit to the power flow over a HV-MV transformer: - Resulting in predetermined range for P irrespective of balancing markets clearing  Uni-directional information flow 2) Dynamic limit of the power flow over a HV-MV transformer: • Exchange information between TSO and DSO during operation or balancing market clearing • TSO-DSO coordination  Bi-directional information flow Transmission Market operator (TMO) P (MW) Distribution Market operator (DMO) TMO P (MW) DMO Electrical Energy Systems

  7. In Short: 1) DERs can participate in: 1.1) TSO-level balancing market through aggregatorsor 1.2) Localbalancing market 2) For both the TSO-level and the local balancing market, there are two TSO-DSO interactions: 2.1) Uni-directional information flow 2.2) Bi-directional information flow Electrical Energy Systems

  8. DERs integrated balancing market models 1) Local balancing market withuni-directional information flow: - Local balancing market 2) Local balancing market withbi-directional information flow: - Coupled TSO-DSO balancing market 3) TSO-level balancing market via aggregator withuni-directional info. flow: - Centralized balancing market (Base case) 4) TSO-level balancing market via aggregator withbi-directional info. flow: - Common T(D)SO balancing market Electrical Energy Systems

  9. Research question What is the effect of these different balancing market models on: • System operator cost, • Profit of market players, • RES integration. Electrical Energy Systems

  10. Current work Coupled TSO-DSO balancing market • DMO clears local balancing market (LBM), • Bi-directional information flow. Central balancing market (TMO) Local balancing market (DMO) Flexibility assets@HV DERs Pre-qualification Market bid Dynamic power flow Electrical Energy Systems

  11. Contribution of my PhD work Insight into different balancing market models that can potentially increase penetration of DER by enabling their participation in balancing markets while taking into account their profitability concerns. Electrical Energy Systems

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