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Social Protection in Sub-Saharan Africa: Will the Green Shoots Blossom?

Social Protection in Sub-Saharan Africa: Will the Green Shoots Blossom?. Miguel Niño- Zarazúa Armando Barrientos David Hulme Sam Hickey Presented By: Rose Moore. Brooks World Poverty Institute. Located at the University of Manchester in the U.K.

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Social Protection in Sub-Saharan Africa: Will the Green Shoots Blossom?

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  1. Social Protection in Sub-Saharan Africa: Will the Green Shoots Blossom? Miguel Niño-Zarazúa Armando Barrientos David Hulme Sam Hickey Presented By: Rose Moore

  2. Brooks World Poverty Institute • Located at the University of Manchester in the U.K. • Established to create and share knowledge to end poverty and to shape policies that deliver real gain for people in poverty. • Authors: • Niño-Zarazúa—Research Fellow • Barrientos—Research Director • Hulme—Executive Director • Hickey—Associate Director

  3. Social Protection • “Public actions taken in response to levels of vulnerability, risks, and deprivation, which are deemed socially unacceptable within a given polity and society.” • Three categories: • social insurance • labor market regulation • social assistance

  4. The Southern African Model • Based on age • Grants are to ensure children’s schooling, improve health care, and re-allocate productive resources within households. • Effective because of: • Social structures • Availability of services • Relies on income transfers in the form of social pensions and child support grants

  5. Southern Africa cont’d • Pension Plans: • Non-contributory • Regular and Unconditional payments • Reaches 2 million beneficiaries, which represents 80% of 60+ population • Child Support Grants: • Introduced in 1998 • Covers children until 18 • Enacted to correct limitations of the age grants

  6. The Middle Africa Model • Previously emergency assistance, such as food and humanitarian aid, was the predominant form of protection • What changed? • Sustained economic growth • Debt relief • Budget support • Natural resources revenues. • Two shifts: cash-aid and social protection

  7. Middle Africa Cont’d • Cash-aid • Cash transfers to very poor households with no work capacity. • Mostly funded by donors, not the governments. • Many programs require the beneficiary to apply for aid and have a doctor certify disability or need. • Some include service provisions: conditioned on school attendance, health check-ups, and nutrition training.

  8. Who drives social protection? • Donor v. government argument • Southern Africa: • Urbanization • Pro-poor political parties • High level of income inequality • Middle Africa: • Many pilot programs • More rural population

  9. Challenges • Financial sustainability • Fears of rapid escalation • World financial crisis • Institutional capacity for implementation and delivery • Community participation • Mixture of providers

  10. Conclusion • Significant expansion in South Africa • New wave of social programs in Middle Africa • Global financial crisis threatens social protection programs

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