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Multiplexing

Learn the fundamental concept of multiplexing, used in various network hardware and protocol software. Discover the two basic types, Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) and Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM), along with transmission schemes and the scientific principle behind FDM.

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Multiplexing

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  1. Multiplexing

  2. Multiplexing • Fundamental to networking • General concept • Used in • Lowest level of transmission systems • Higher levels of network hardware • Protocol software • Applications

  3. The General Concept of Multiplexing • Separate pairs of communications travel across shared channel • Multiplexing prevents interference • Each destination receives only data sent by corresponding source

  4. Multiplexing Terminology • Multiplexor • Device or mechanism • Accepts data from multiple sources • Sends data across shared channel • Demultiplexor • Device or mechanism • Estracts data from shared channel • Sends to correct destination

  5. Two Basic Types of Multiplexing • Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) • Only one item at a time on shared channel • Item marked to identify source • Demultiplexor uses identifying mark to know where to deliver • Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) • Multiple items transmitted simultaneously • Uses multiple “channels”

  6. Transmission Schemes • Baseband transmission • Uses only low frequencies • Encodes data directly • Broadband transmission • Uses multiple carriers • Can use higher frequencies • Achieves higher throughput • Hardware more complex and expensive

  7. Scientific Principle BehindFrequency Division Multiplexing • Note: this is the same principle that allows a cable TV company to send multiple television signals across a single cable Two or more signals that use different carrier frequencies can be transmitted over a single medium simultaneously without interference

  8. Wave Division Multiplexing • Facts • FDM can be used with any electromagnetic radiation • Light is electromagnetic radiation • When applied to light, FDM is called wave division multiplexing • Informally called color division multiplexing

  9. Summary • Multiplexing • Fundamental concept • Used at many levels • Applied in both hardware and software • Two basic types • Time-division multiplexing (TDM) • Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) • When applied to light, FDM is called wave-division multiplexing

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