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Bio Boot Camp

Bio Boot Camp. Genetics. DNA Replication. Process of DNA being copied before cell division occurs Must make an exact copy or mutations will occur (which could be harmful) The 2 strands of the DNA helix split and each side serves as a template for the other side

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Bio Boot Camp

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  1. Bio Boot Camp Genetics

  2. DNA Replication • Process of DNA being copied before cell division occurs • Must make an exact copy or mutations will occur (which could be harmful) • The 2 strands of the DNA helix split and each side serves as a template for the other side • Process makes sure that information is not loss during the replication process

  3. Protein Synthesis • Information from the DNA (in the nucleus) is copied in the form of messenger RNA. • Copies only the information for the protein that needs to be made • The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and travels to the ribosome. • Decodes the information from the mRNA • Occurs in the ribosome • Needs tRNA and mRNA to make the protein correctly according to the directions that were specified in the original DNA • Genetic code for each amino acid is the same in ALL organisms. Transcription Translation

  4. Genetic Mutations

  5. Frameshift Mutations

  6. Original DNA THE CAT ATE THE FAT RAT. • Silent Mutation THA CAT ATE THE FAT RAT • Nonsense Mutation THE CAT ATE THE. • Missense Mutation THE CAR ATE THE FAT RAT. • Frameshift Mutation THE CCA TAT ETH EFA TRA T. THC ATA TET HEF ATR AT.

  7. Chromatin to Chromosomes

  8. DNA Individual Nucleotide

  9. Types of Inheritance Dominant One trait completely masks/dominants the other trait when it is expressed. Can be homozygous or heterozygous dominant

  10. Types of Inheritance Recessive The recessive trait is seen when there are 2 copies present (homozygous recessive)

  11. Types of Inheritance Codominance • Both traits are equally dominant and neither will give in so both traits are shown.

  12. Codominance Black Feathered Chicken White feathered chicken Checkered feather chicken

  13. Types of Inheritance Incomplete Dominance Traits are not dominant or recessive. The traits “blend” together to make a new color/trait.

  14. Types of Inheritance Sex-linked The trait is carried on the sex –chromosome (x-chromosome) so the inheritance is different for males and females. Males inherit one gene from mother on X chromosome and an unaffected Y from father. Females inherit an X from their father and an X from their mother.

  15. Types of Inheritance Polygenic • Trait controlled by 2 or more genes and produces a range of outcomes (examples: skin color, eye color, hair color, height)

  16. Types of Inheritance Multiple Allele More than 2 forms of a gene control the trait.

  17. Chromosomal Mutations • These mutations alter the composition or number of chromosomes in the organism. • Usually have severe consequences for the organism. • Usually occur during meiosis

  18. Nondisjunction

  19. Translocation

  20. Insertion

  21. Deletion

  22. Duplication

  23. Inversion

  24. Genetic Engineering

  25. Making human from bacteria

  26. Cloning

  27. Forensics

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