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921-930 Create a branching diagram describing how the uncertainty

921-930 Create a branching diagram describing how the uncertainty of “Modern Thought” is reflected in the “Age of Anxiety”. Analyze samples of literature of this period in the Twentieth Century. Old optimistic View: Belief in progress, reason, rights of the individual

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921-930 Create a branching diagram describing how the uncertainty

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  1. 921-930 • Create a branching diagram • describing how the uncertainty • of “Modern Thought” is reflected • in the “Age of Anxiety”. • Analyze samples of literature of • this period in the Twentieth Century.

  2. Old optimistic View: Belief in progress, reason, rights of the individual began to be questioned New pessimistic View: Critics rejected this Optimism (Lost Generation) Workers Unions WWI Women’s rights Rise of dictatorships Great Depression Social Welfare Uncertainty in Modern Thought Western society questioned old values/beliefs of 18 – 19th centuries Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution. French poet and critic Paul Valery Wrote of this “crisis of the mind”

  3. Front of room Group 1 Modern Philosophy Group 2 Revival of Christianity Group 3 The New Physics Group 5 20th century literature Group 4 Freudian psychology

  4. Modern Philosophy • Existentialism • The athiest philosophy where one views the world with a sense of disorientation and confusion in the face of a meaningless and absurd world. (Society is obsolete, empty and of no worth). • Western Christianity has been killed by Christians who no really believe in God (“God is dead”), as a result, man is alone in a hostile world and you are responsible to decide your own future. • Friedrich Nietzsche - “To forget one's purpose is the commonest form of stupidity.” • Henri Bergson – experience and intuition important than science • Georges Sorel – thought an educated “elite” should run things • Jean Paul Sartre – we define ourselves by our choices • Martin Heidegger – first to attract a following in Germany ‘20s • Karl Jaspers – led disillusioned post-war university students

  5. Modern Philosophy • Existentialism • World War I accelerated change in philosophical thought in two directions: • Logical Empiricism • Grew mainly in English speaking countries, the idea that the only ideas that can be discussed are those that can be supported by scientific experiments. • Ludwig Wittgenstein – argued that philosophers could not make meaningful statements about God, freedom or morality since they cannot be proven by scientific study. • Others looked to Existentialism believing they had to make sense of the world by what we do, our actions rather than relying on God to guide us through loneliness, despair as well as how we define morality and ethics.

  6. Loss of faith in human reason & progress led to renewed interest in Christianity. Tried to bridge gap between science and the Bible. Called “Christian Existentialists” since they too felt loneliness & Despair. They turned to God to answer the loneliness and anxiety of the world The Revival of Christianity Soren Kierkegaard Max Planck T. S. Eliot C. S. Lewis Karl Barth Aldous Huxley Albert Schweitzer Gabriel Marcel

  7. Challenged “old science” as too basic, too simplistic. Marie Curie – radium emits sub- atomic particles constantly. So, Curie and Planck discovered that atoms not as simple as once thought. Max Planck – discovered subatomic energy is emitted in uneven bunches = quanta. The New Physics Earnest Rutherford – discovered neutrons Albert Einstein – developed his Theory of Relativity about how space and time are relative. Werner Heisenberg – Principle of Uncertainty So, the rational Newtonian world of physics dissolved into uncertainty.

  8. Prior to Freud, psychologists believed human behavior was the result of rational calculation of the conscious mind. Freud argued that unconscious and instinctual drives caused human behavior. Freudian Psychology Psychoanalysis- the “talking cure”. Id = biological drives, immoral Ego = buffer between Id and reality Superego = conscience, one’s idea of right/wrong By 1918, Freud’s ideas were popular in U.S. and Europe. Defense Mechanisms are used to overcome anxiety of the conflict of the Ego and “get on with life”.

  9. Twentieth-Century Literature 20th century authors began to write from the point to view of a single, confused individual or multiple individuals instead of the “all knowing” style of writers of the 19th century. Oswald Spengler Marcel Proust T.S. Eliot Franz Kafka Virginia Woolf George Orwell James Joyce William Faulkner

  10. Twentieth Century Literature • How does each piece reflect the “uncertainty” of modern thought? • T.S. Eliot • Virginia Woolf • Oswald Spengler • James Joyce

  11. Place these in order: • US War in Iraq begins • President Obama elected. • 9/11 Terrorist Attack • President Bush elected. • President Clinton elected.

  12. President Clinton elected. 11/92 President Bush elected. 11/00 Terrorist Attack 9/11/01 US War in Iraq. 5/03 President Obama elected. 11/08

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