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For feedback to be effective …. the desired outcome of the learning needs to be clear to both teacher and learner feedback should be given while the learning activity is going on as the learner can respond to it immediately – oral feedback is best
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For feedback to be effective … • the desired outcome of the learning needs to be clear to both teacher and learner • feedback should be given while the learning activity is going on as the learner can respond to it immediately – oral feedback is best • areas of success need to be identified as well as areas needing improvement • it is beneficial if the learner takes part in the feedback discussion, identifying strengths & needs • the learner needs to take some immediate action as a result of the feedback to ensure successful learning occurs • next steps or targets need to be identified
Clarifying the terms: • FEEDBACK: this is the central theme of Assessment for Learning (A4L), also called FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT. • Thiscontrasts with exam-style assessment which is termed SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT.
Assessment for learning: • FORMATIVEassessment is carried out as learners progress through a lesson / learning activity • Provides feedback, allowing learners to make improvements and to identify next steps in learning
Assessment of Learning • SUMMATIVE assessment is carried out at the end of a learning activity / unit of work. • Provides data, allowing learners to be tracked, grouped etc.
“ Assessment for learning is the process of seeking and interpreting evidence for use by learners and their teachers to decide where the learners are in their learning, where they need to go and how best to get there.” Black et al (2003) Assessment for Learning: Putting it into Practice. Berkshire: OUP
‘For assessment to be formative the feedback information has to be used.’ (Black and Wiliam 1989)
Going to read (buy) one textbook this summer? Recommended, readable and relevant & useful ahead of PP2 / SE2: Clarke, S. (2003) Enriching Feedback in the Primary Classroom. Abingdon: Hodder & Stoughton
In this seminar… • Feedback for learning • Mind maps for recall (another approach) • Module evaluation
Memory Mind Maps Mind maps support memory and recall because they combine its two most powerful aspects • IMAGINATION • ASSOCIATION
Using mind-maps: These are excellent for improving memory – revision, recall, assessment of prior knowledge etc. Principles of memory mapping: • Practise from what learners already know and understand e.g. holidays, games we like playing, the content of this module! • Write the key concept in the middle. • Branch off with ideas as learners suggest them. • Write only key words and use lots of symbols / pictures on the lines. • Begin to group and organise as ideas start to flow. • Use arrows and colours to connect ideas.
Further reading about mind-mapping: Anything by Tony Buzan, e.g. • Buzan, Tony, (2005) Mind Maps for Kids: London, Harper Collins • Also refer back to the Accelerated Learning literature suggested in handbook.