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Welcome it is a great day to learn about the Brain

Welcome it is a great day to learn about the Brain. What does the Brain do?. Jot down EVERYTHING your brain does Okay list about 10 things. We are going to start small and go big. Neurons: The Building Blocks of the Nervous System. Nervous System.

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Welcome it is a great day to learn about the Brain

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  1. Welcome it is a great day to learn about the Brain

  2. What does the Brain do? • Jot down EVERYTHING your brain does • Okay list about 10 things

  3. We are going to start small and go big

  4. Neurons: The Building Blocks of the Nervous System

  5. Nervous System • The electrochemical communication system of the body • Sends messages from the brain to the body for movement • Brings information to the brain from the senses

  6. Neuron • The basic building block of the nervous system -- a nerve cell • Neurons perform three basic tasks • Receive information • Carry the information • Pass the information on to the next neuron

  7. Types of Neurons Sensory Motor Interneuron's

  8. Sensory Neurons • INPUT Fromsensory organs to the brain and spinal cord Brain Drawing shows a somatic neuron Sensory Neuron Spinal Cord

  9. Brain Sensory Neuron Spinal Cord Motor Neuron Motor Neurons • OUTPUTFrom the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

  10. Brain Sensory Neuron Spinal Cord Motor Neuron Interneuron's • Interneurons carry information between other neurons only found in the brain and spinal cord

  11. The Basic Parts of a Neuron

  12. What are the primary parts of a typical neuron? • Nervous system • Neurons • Dendrites • Soma • Axon • Terminal branches of Axon • Myelin Sheath

  13. The Basic Parts of a Neuron

  14. Parts of the Neuron

  15. A. Dendrites • Thin, branching fibers lined with receptors at which the dendrite receives information from other neurons.

  16. Parts of the Neuron - Dendrites

  17. B. Cell Body/Soma • Contains the nucleus and other parts of the cell needed to sustain life

  18. Parts of the Neuron - Soma

  19. C. Axon • Carries the message across the neuron

  20. Parts of the Neuron - Axon

  21. D. Myelin Sheath • An insulating, fatty covering around the axon that speeds neural transmissions. Axons that are myelinated appear white. Known as “white matter.”

  22. Parts of the Neuron – Myelin Sheath

  23. E. Axon Terminal Buttons • The branched end of the axon that contains neurotransmitters

  24. Parts of the Neuron - Terminals

  25. Time to Move • Locate the person furthest from you • Go to that person • Introduce yourself

  26. Pick an A and D A = Axon D= Dendrite With your partner explain the relationship between neurons

  27. Neuron

  28. Neuron

  29. Neural Transmission

  30. Neural Communication: The Neural Impulse

  31. Action Potential • A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of the neuron. • A neural impulse • Considered an “on” condition of the neuron

  32. Refractory Period • The “recharging phase” when a neuron, after firing, cannot generate another action potential • Once the refractory period is complete the neuron can fire again

  33. Resting Potential • The state of a neuron when it is at rest and capable of generating an action potential • The neuron is set and ready to fire

  34. Neuron firing like a Toilet • Like a Neuron, a toilet has an action potential. When you flush, an “impulse” is sent down the sewer pipe

  35. Neuron firing like a Toilet 2. Like a neuron, a toilet has a refractory period. There is a short delay after flushing when the toilet cannot be flushed again because the tank is being refilled

  36. Neuron firing like a Toilet • Like a Neuron, a toilet has a resting potential. The toilet is “charged” when there is water in the tank and it is capable of being flushed again • Like a Neuron, a toilet operates on the all-or-none principle – it always flushes with the same intensity, no matter how much force you apply to the handle

  37. All-or-None Principle • The principle that if a neuron fires it will always fire at the same intensity • All action potentials are of the same strength. • A neuron does NOT fire at 30%, 45% or 90% but at 100% each time it fires.

  38. Communication Between Neurons Module 7: Neural and Hormonal Systems

  39. Synapse • The space between the terminal buttons on one neuron and dendrites of the next neuron

  40. Neurotransmitters • Chemicals contained in the terminal buttons that enable neurons to communicate. Neurotransmitters fit into receptor sites on the dendrites of neurons like a key fits into a lock.

  41. Neurotransmitters

  42. Neurotransmitters • A chemical messenger that travels across the synapse from one neuron to the next • Can influence whether the second neuron will generate an action potential or not

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