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End of world war I

End of world war I. End of fighting and treaty of Versailles. U.S. turns tide of War. By joining war, the United States brought in: 1. Fresh supplies and troops 2. Industrial might to combat Germany 3. Supplies to re-outfit troops from all Allied countries

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End of world war I

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  1. End of world war I End of fighting and treaty of Versailles

  2. U.S. turns tide of War • By joining war, the United States brought in: • 1. Fresh supplies and troops • 2. Industrial might to combat Germany • 3. Supplies to re-outfit troops from all Allied countries • U.S. comes into war – April 6, 1917 • Fighting in the War Ends – November 11, 1918

  3. Fourteen Points • Fourteen Points – Plan for peace in Europe which was outlined by Woodrow Wilson • - Points 1-4 – Open diplomacy • - Point 5 – Fair system to resolve disputes over colonies • - Points 6-13 – Dealt with self-determination or people’s right to choose their own political status • - Point 14 – Called for creation of League of Nations

  4. The League of Nations • Purpose of League of Nations: • 1. Settle disputes between nations • 2. Protect democracy • 3. Prevent future wars • Showed that foreign policy of a democratic nation should be based on morality – not just what was best for that nation.

  5. Paris Peace Conference • Began: January 12, 1919 • The Conference: • - Delegation made up of 32 nations and their leaders • - Big Four – leaders of the victorious Allied nations • 1. Woodrow Wilson – U.S. • 2. David Lloyd George – Great Britain • 3. Georges Clemenceau – France • 4. Vittorio Orlando - Italy

  6. Goals of each of the Big Four • Wilson – United States • wanted to ensure peace in Europe and put an end to these types of disputes • Lloyd George and Clemenceau – England and France • wanted Germany to pay for their aggression • Orlando – Italy • wanted colonial claims in Africa, primarily resource rich Ethiopia • Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia – wanted to start new nations • Poland – wanted nation put back together and reformed • Ho Chi Minh – Vietnamese chef wanted independence for Vietnam • would later lead revolution in Vietnam against French starting Vietnam War

  7. Treaty of Versailles • The Impact of the Treaty: • 1. Germany could not have air force • 2. Limits to German military size (100,000 troops only) • 3. Germany could not mechanize army • 4. Germany could only have 1 ship in navy • 5. Germany had to repay debt of all allies – reparations • - more than Germany could actually pay • 6. Established League of Nations • 7 Creation of Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Yugoslavia • 8. Central Powers lost all colonies

  8. Treaty issues • Germany forced to sign treaty under threat of French military force – June 28, 1919 • United States – arguments in Congress over signing treaty • - Three Groups formed: • 1. Immediate ratification – sign now • 2. Irreconcilables – no sign because of League of Nations participation • 3. Reservationists – ratify treaty if changes were made primarily to League of Nations Charter

  9. Treaty Fight in U.S. • Wilson was not happy with hang-ups on signing the treaty • - Main opponent: Henry Cabot Lodge • - Wilson took arguments on the road to the people • - Said the treaty must be ratified or the consequences could be disastrous • - Tour caused stress on Wilson – he had stroke • Lodge presented a new treaty in 1919 and 1920 – Senate rejected both on orders of Wilson • 1921 – United States signed separate peace treaties with Germany and Austria-Hungary • - Caused U.S. to never join League of Nations

  10. Impacts of World War I • Human Toll – 14,000,000 dead/7,000,000 men disabled • Financial Impact - $280 Billion in war costs • Political Impact: • 1. Monarchies overthrown in Germany, Austria, Russia • 2. Rise of Communism • 3. Led to revolutions in colonialized areas

  11. Impacts of World War I • Economic Impact: • 1. European economies devastated • 2. United States becomes global economic leader • 3. Inflation led to economic issues in U.S. • 4. Prices on goods went up in U.S. – people could not afford goods • 5. Farmers took hit when demand for food dropped after war

  12. Impacts of World War I • Social Impacts: • 1. Women serving in work place = passage of 19th Amendment • - got right to vote • 2. African-Americans moved to the North to find work in factories • - led to population shifts in pattern • European Impacts: • 1. Europeans lost nearly an entire generation of young men • 2. France was destroyed • 3. Great Britain and Germany were broke or in debt • 4. Still a great deal of anger in Europe – leads to World War II

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