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Global food system (s) and health equity

Global food system (s) and health equity. Sustainability. Food Security. Health Equity. THINK, EAT & GROW GREEN GLOBALLY. Food Sovereignty. i n Canada and Ecuador . JERRY SPIEGEL BRENT MANSFIELD

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Global food system (s) and health equity

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  1. Global food system(s) and health equity Sustainability Food Security Health Equity THINK, EAT & GROW GREEN GLOBALLY Food Sovereignty in Canada and Ecuador JERRY SPIEGEL BRENT MANSFIELD School of Population & Public Health Land & Food Systems; TEGS project + Liu Institute for Global Issues Co-Chair, Vancouver Food Policy CouncilUNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA jerry.spiegel@ubc.ca brentmansfield@gmail.com FOOD FOR ALL: A Conference on Poverty and Global Food Security

  2. Messages Food is fundamental to health and health equity – as is poverty Food security & poverty must be viewed at a global scale - and not framed as individual attributes To ensure security, food systems must respect sovereignty - and not be framed as a purely technical matter

  3. “We realized you couldn’t do health without doing something about hunger and poverty…” • PrabhuPingali, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation So…What is poverty? Fundamentally, poverty is a denial of choices and opportunities, a violation of human dignity. It means lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society. … It means… • not having enough to feed and clothe a family, • not having a school or clinic to go to, • not having the land on which to grow one’s food • …… or a job to earn one’s living, • not having access to credit. It means insecurity, powerlessness and exclusion of individuals, households and communities. It means susceptibility to violence, and it often implies living in marginal or fragile environments, without access to clean water or sanitation. - UN Statement, June 1998 … and what drives it? VULNERABILITY INEQUALITY

  4. SOME HEALTH FOR ALL BY THE YEAR 2000 RISKING DEATH TO GIVE LIFE Maternal Mortality Ratio (1995)(per 100,000 live births) VERY HIGH - 600 or more HIGH - 300-599 MODERATE - 100-299 LOW - less than 100 No data Source: WHO,UNICEF, UNFPA, Maternal Mortality in 1995: Estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA. Geneva, 2001

  5. So…What does food security entail? What about the circumstances regarding • how food is grown? • how decisions are made? • how people are involved? Is the problem of food insecurity just found in improving access to food? Scholarly articles on “Food” + “Health”

  6. multi-scalar environmental, social context 1 occupational exposures health impacts 2 “growing” environmental change 3 political / economic regulatory context agri-business, marketing, sales “eating” 8 growing/ eating threats to traditional livelihoods, cultural continuity 4 intake of contaminants 5 nutrition 6 7 Social determinants (agency, income, social capital) linking global and local

  7. SUSTAINABLY MANAGING ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISKS IN ECUADOR A community-based, intercultural and interdisciplinary initiative to promote human and ecosystem health. MANEJO SUSTENTABLE DE RIESGOS DE SALUD AMBIENTAL EN ECUADOR : UPCD TIER 1 UNIVERSITY PARTNERSHIP ($5 million, 6 years)

  8. ECOSYSTEM APPROACH TO HUMAN HEALTH- our common vision - • Transdisciplinarity • Equity • Participation • Sustainability Source: Forget and Lebel, 2001 Socio-cultural factors Natural Resource Management Behavioural factors Identify opportunities for change Knowledge Understanding the Determinants of Ecosystem and Human Health Societal Response To Health and Human Development Needs Global change IMPROVED HEALTH Development of Policies Economic factors Empowerment Optimize interventions for change Human Resource Management Environmental factors A process for building equitable solutions

  9. Key Achievements • 29 Community action research theses completed • International master’s at 3 Ecuadorian universities • 15 communities; impacts being evaluated • Benefits to graduates documented • 2nd Master’s initiated in 2009 • Ecuadorian university led; UBC support • 18 students • Certificate program from modules • PhD program launched in 2009 • Collective Health, Environment & Society • 19 students • Base for Andean Commission on Social Determination of Health • MOU with UBC / students • Workshops (e.g. mining, food, pesticides) • Certificate Programs • (Ecosystem approach to Antibiotic Resistance) • New Research partnerships • Dengue (3 years) • Food Systems & Health Equity (5 years) Master’s at U de Cuenca PhD at UASB

  10. Project Example : Tucayta community (pesticides/water) Indigenous Agricultural Community in the province of Cañar, projects addressed: • Sustainable management of ‘paramo’ (upper highland) water sources; • Health and ecosystem impact of pesticide use; and • Evaluation of residual/waste water contamination and options for community response. Impact: -Reduced Pesticide exposure -Improved water management OUTCOME: strengthened leadership

  11. IMPERIALISMO - CAPITALISMO ACUMULACIÓN PACHAMAMA RECURSOS CAPITALISTA SUMAK KAWSAY – BUEN VIVIR ENMANUEL CHIMBO, TUCAYTA, ECUADOR Jerry Spiegel, SPPH 581, Sept 2011

  12. Food Systems & Health Equity Research Program Overview WHAT DO WE KNOW? WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS OF FOOD SECURITY AND SOVEREIGNTY FOR: Consequences for growers & communities from global pressures? Does commodification of food alter cultural vitality? How can negative pressures on healthy food choices & practices be countered ? HOW IS KNOWLEDGE APPLIED?

  13. Food Systems & Health Equity Research Program Overview 2a 4a 3a 2b 4b 3b 1 3 4 2 5 5 year research program on health equity funded by CIHR – one of 10 funded programs

  14. Food Systems & Health Equity Research Program Overview 1 3 4 2 5 RESEARCHERS

  15. Food Systems & Health Equity Research Program Overview 1 3 4 2 5 ORGANIZATIONS

  16. Think&EatGreen@School • Vancouver-based 5 year community based action research project (2010-2015) • Partnership of academic researchers from UBC , Vancouver School Board, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Food Policy Council, non-profit food and environmental organizations , SFU & Ryerson University • Funded by a Strategic Grant of the Environment of Social Sciences & Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRCC) Community University Research Alliances (CURA) program

  17. Think&EatGreen@School • Project Objectives • Short term: To engage students in the learning through the food cycle (growing, preparing, sharing food and managing food waste) at school • Intermediate term: To promote the development of a healthy, sustainable food school food system in Vancouver • Long term: To contribute to enhance regional food security, food system sustainability and institutional adaptations to climate change

  18. Think&EatGreen@School Activities • Focused work in 14 Vancouver schools (but involved through university students in 30) through grants • Forms of Engagements with School Food System • UBC student involvement • 400 UBC undergraduate each year and graduate students • 6 UBC courses & one youth internship • Professional development for teachers and staff • 3-day Summer Institute • On-going workshops • Policy and Board-level Support • VSB Sustainability Framework – Food Action Plan • VSB School Food Garden Policy • Procurement • Etc.

  19. Closing observations Food is fundamental to health and health equity – as is poverty Food security & poverty must be viewed at a global scale - and not framed as individual attributes To ensure security, food systems must respect sovereignty - and not framed as purely technical matters Food sovereignty ….. taking control over food-producing resources, markets and agricultural policy. -Wittman et al, Food Sovereignty in Canada (November 2011)

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