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The History of the Orthodox Church

The History of the Orthodox Church. ISOS LESSON II FALL 2003. SOURCES OF CHURCH HISTORY. HOLY SCRIPTURE HOLY TRADITION SERVICE BOOKS OF THE CHURCH ---SAINTS LIVES THE HISTORIC RECORD. EARTHLY MINISTRY OF OUR LORD. FROM THE ANNUNCIATION TO THE ASCENSION.

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The History of the Orthodox Church

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  1. The History of the Orthodox Church ISOS LESSON II FALL 2003

  2. SOURCES OF CHURCH HISTORY • HOLY SCRIPTURE • HOLY TRADITION • SERVICE BOOKS OF THE CHURCH ---SAINTS LIVES • THE HISTORIC RECORD

  3. EARTHLY MINISTRY OF OUR LORD • FROM THE ANNUNCIATION TO THE ASCENSION. • WITNESSED TO BY THE EVANGELISTS IN THE GOSPELS. • THE ACCOUNTS OF THE LIFE OF JESUS SPOKEN IN THE VOICES OF THOSE WHO SHARED THE EVENTS .

  4. THE APOSTOLIC AGE • BEGINS IN THE BOOK OF ACTS. • STARTS WITH THE BIRTH OF THE CHURCH ON EARTH. • ENDS WITH THE DEATH OF ST. JOHN THE THEOLOGIAN ON THE ISLAND OF PATMOS. • TELLS THE STORY OF THE SPREAD OF THE NASCENT CHURCH.

  5. PENTECOST

  6. THE AGE OF THE APOSTOLIC FATHERS • WORK OF THE APOSTLES CARRIED ON BY THOSE WHO HAD “SAT AT THEIR FEET” • THE CHURCH CONTINUES TO DEVELOP THE OFFICES AND FORM WE RECOGNIZE TODAY. • EARLY DEFENSE OF CHURCH TEACHINGS AGAINST HERESIES BY THE APOLOGISTS. • PERSECUTIONS OF THE CHURCH BEGIN.

  7. CHRIST THE GREAT HIIGH PRIEST

  8. FORMATIVE CENTURIES • IMPACT OF CHRISTIANHERESIES, THE CHURCH BEGINS TO DEFEND ITSELF AND TO DEAL WITH THE LAPSED. • THE CHURCH SPREADS AND BECOMES AN URBAN SOCIAL FORCE. • THE CANON OF SCRIPTURE WAS DEVELOPING INTO A FORM AND ORDER WE WOULD RECOGNIZE.

  9. THE AGE OF THE GREAT COUNCILS

  10. THE CHURCH DEFINES ITSELF4TH - 9THCENTURIES • THE EDICT OF MILAN – THE END OF PERSECUTIONS. • EACH GREAT COUNCIL WAS CALLED TO CONFRONT SPECIFIC HERESIES OR TO SETTLE THE SPECIFIC QUESTIONS. • WHO WAS JESUS ? • WHAT IS THE NATURE OF THE HOLY TRINITY ? • HOW DOES HUMANITY RELATE TO GOD ?

  11. FIRST ECUMENICAL COUNCIL325 - NICAEA • ANSWERED THE HERESY OF ARIUS • “Jesus was created. Not of the same essence of the Father, The Spirit was also created… the Holy Trinity was not of one essence”. • The Champions of Orthodoxy included the Fathers of the 1st Ecumenical Council. St. Athanasios, St. Spyridon, and St. Nicholas. • THE FIRST PART OF OUR CREED WAS ADOPTED, DATE OF EASTER DISCUSSED, AND THE PRIMACY OF THE APOSTOLIC SEES - Rome, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem

  12. PERIOD PEOPLE AND EVENTS • FATHERS OF THE CHURCH: THE THREE HIERARCHS: THEOLOGY, LEARNING, LITURGIES and CHURCH PRACTICES. • THE MONASTIC FATHERS AND MOTHERS SPIRITUAL GUIDES, HELPED TO DEVELOPE THE MONASTIC SYSTEM

  13. CONSTANTINOPLE I(381) • REAFIRMED NICEA I, COMPLETED THE CREED. • TOPIC WAS THE HOLY SPIRIT AND THE TRININARIAN RELATIONSHIPS. • CONSTANTINOPLE “The New Rome” GIVEN RANK SECOND TO ROME.

  14. COUNCIL OF CHALCEDON (451) • REAFIRMS and FURTHER DEFINES THE COUNCIL OF EPHESUS. • XC IS HOMOOUSIOS WITH BOTH GOD AND MAN. FULLY GOD AND FULLY MAN NEVER MIXED, CONFUSED OR DEMINISHED. • RESULTS IN THE MONOPHYSITE SCHISM • OTHER CANONS DEAL WITH POSITION OF CONSTANTINOPLE AND ROME.

  15. LATER EVENTS AND DEVELOPMENTS • DEATH OF THE BESSED AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO. • EXPANTION OF THE LITURGICAL RITES – ST. ROMANOS THE MELODIST. • THE REIGN OF JUSTINIAN. • THE INSERTION OF THE FILIOQUE BY THE CHURCH OF SPAIN.

  16. RAVENA

  17. COUNCIL OF CONSTANTINOPLE III ( 680 – 681 6TH COUNCIL) • CONDEMNED THE TEACHINGS OF SERGIOS AND HONORIOS , MONOTHELYTISM. • CHAMPIONS OF ORTHODOXY – ST. MAXIMOS THE CONFESSOR and ST. MARTIN, POPE OF ROME. • OTHER SIGNIFICANT PERSONS – ST. JOHN CLIMAKOS, and ST. ANDREW OF CRETE. • ISLAM IS FOUNDED 622.

  18. SEVENTH and EIGHTH CENTURIES • AGE OF ICONOCLASM – LASTED ABOUT 120 YEARS IN TWO PHASES. • CHAMPIONS OF THE FAITH ST. JOHN OF DAMASCUS, ST. THEODORE THE STUDITE, THE ICONDULIC PAT-RIARCHS, STS. IRENE and THEODORA.

  19. NICEAE II 787 • THE HUMANITY OF CHRIST WAS REAFFIRMED. • THE PROTOTYPE IN ICONS ARE TO BE VENERATE; WORSHIP RESERVED FOR GOD ALONE. • THE POTENTIAL OF CREATION IS UNDERLINED • RESTORATION OF IMAGES NOT REALIZED UNTIL 843.

  20. THE AGE OF PHOTIOS • THE PHOTIAN SCHISM • THE SLAVIC MISSION • THE LITURGICAL EXPANSION OF THE GREAT FAST

  21. THE SPREAD of the FAITH • BULGARIA and KIEV • TIES to CONSTANTINOPLE. • MOSLEM CONQUEST CONTINUE.

  22. THE GREAT SCHISM • 1054 ESTRANGEMENT NEARLY COMPLETE. • SEPARATION SEALED WITH THE FOURTH CRUSADE. • ORTHODOXY SPREADS IN THE NORTH. • COUNCIL OF LYONS “ FALSE UNION” • SERBIAN CHURCH BECOMES INDEPENDENT.

  23. FIGURES OF NOTE 14TH CENTURY • GREGORY PALMAS VS. BARLAAM • ST. ANDRE RUBLEV • ST. SERGIUS OF RADONEZH • ST. CLEMENT OF OCHRID • ST. NICHOLAS CABASILAS

  24. THE OTTOMAN CONQUEST • CONSTANTINOPLE FALLS 1453 • BEGINNING OF PERIODS OF REPRESSION AND RELAXATION. • INCREASED CONCENTRATION OF AUTHORITY IN THE PATRIARCH. • LOSS OF INSTITUTIONS. • THE NEW MARTYRS

  25. 16 THCENTURY • IVAN THE TERRIBLE • UNIATE MOVEMENT - UNION OF BREST LITOVSK. • PROTESTANT REFORMATION– PATRIARCH JERMIAH II REACTION. • CATHOLIC COUNCIL OF TRENT.

  26. 17TH CENTURY • CYRIL LUKARIS - CALVANIST INFLUENCE. • PETER MOGILA – WESTERN INFLUENCE. • “OLD BELIEVERS SCHISM. • PETER THE GREAT “WESTERNIZES” THE CHURCH OF RUSSIA. • SERBIAN AND BULGARIAN CHURCHES FORCED INTO CONSTANTINOPLE’S SPHERE OF INTEREST BY TURKS.

  27. 18TH CENTURY • MOUNT ATHOS LEADS REVIVAL OF LEARNING AND BUDDING NATIONAL IDENTITY. • RUSSIAN MISSIONARY ACTIVITY IN ALASKA. 1794. • SAINT AUGUSTINE COLONY IN FLA. 1768.

  28. 19THCENTURY • BEGINNING OF THE NATIONALISTIC FURVOR IN THE ORTHODOX LANDS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE. GREEK WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE. • TURKISH REACTION. • RUSSIAN SPIRITUAL RENEWAL. • BEGINNING OF THE GREAT IMMIGRATION. NEW ORLEANS 1864, GALVESTON TX, 1864.

  29. 20TH CENTURY • GROWTH OF ALL JURISDICTIONS IN AMERICA. • WESTERN EUROPE • AUSTRALIA • COMMUNISM AND FREEDOM LATE IN THE CENTURY. • FOUNDATION OF HOLY CROSS AND ST. VLADIMIRS.

  30. SUPPLEMENTAL BIBLIOGRAPHY Yannaras, C. (1991) Elements of Faith: An Introduction to Orthodox Theology (Alphavtari ths pisths), trans. by K. Schram, T&T Clark, Edinburgh. Ware, K. (1997) The Orthodox Church, New Edition, Penguin Books, London. Hopko, T. (1973) The Orthodox Faith: vol. 3 - Bible and Church History, An Elementary Handbook on the Orthodox Church, DRE - OCA, Crestwood NY. Pelikan, J. (1977) The Spirit of Eastern Christendom (600 -1700) - vol. 2, The Christian Tradition - in 5 Volumes - A History of the Development of Doctrine, University of Chicago Press, Chicago/London. Hussey, J. M. (1990) The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire, Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.

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