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Chapter 2: China

Chapter 2: China. AP World History. The Dynastic Cycle . A family of Kings would start its rule with great vigor. Develop strong community Active economy Dynasty grows weaker, tax revenues decline Social divisions increased Internal rebellions Invasions

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Chapter 2: China

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  1. Chapter 2: China AP World History

  2. The Dynastic Cycle • A family of Kings would start its rule with great vigor. • Develop strong community • Active economy • Dynasty grows weaker, tax revenues decline • Social divisions increased • Internal rebellions • Invasions • Another Dynasty emerges, usually from the family of a successful general, invader, or peasant rebel. • Pattern starts anew…

  3. Zhou Dynasty • Lasted from 1029-258 BCE • Flourished only until about 700 BCE • Replaces the RVC of the Shang • Never really develops a strong central government…regional alliances • Feudal • Rulers depend on a network of loyalties and obligations to and from their landlord vassals. • Power is LOST when the regional aristocrats solidify their own powerbase, ignoring the central government.

  4. Zhou Dynasty

  5. Zhou Dynasty • Usually divided into two time periods, Western, then Eastern. • Eastern is more Feudal • Developed and maintained China’s “core” territory from the Huanghe to the Yangtze, referred to as the “Middle Kingdom.” • Wheat grown in the north, Rice in the south • Zhou rulers use the mandate of heaven to claim right to rule from the Shang • Promote the unity of Mandarin Chinese

  6. Confucius • Late 6th and early 5th century BCE saw the rise of Confucius’ philosophy…a complex set of political ethics which would become the core of Chinese philosophy. • The Era of Warring States: • 402 BCE to 201 BCE

  7. Qin Dynasty • Qin Shi Huangdi, or First Emperor takes control of China. • He was a regional ruler during Warring States • Deposes the final Zhou Emperor • Brutal Ruler (but effective) • Problem lay with the power of Chinese Aristocracy (land owners, etc.)

  8. Qin Dynasty • He ordered nobles to his palace and took control of their estates. • Control as far as Hong Kong and influenced the development of Vietnam • Orders a National Census • Data for tax revenues • Standardizes weights/measures and coinage • Even the length of axles on carts • Promoted Agriculture/irrigation/manufacturing (silk) • Burned books…thinking was subversive to his autocratic rule

  9. Qin Dynasty • Builds Great Wall of China (does most work on it) • 3000 Miles • The top is wide enough for carts

  10. Qin Dynasty • Somewhat short-lived • High taxes • Legalism: singular punishment for most crimes • When the Emperor died in 210 BCE, massive revolts broke out by aggrieved peasants

  11. Tomb of Shi Huangdi

  12. Han Dynasty • Kept the Centralized rule of the Qin, but sought to reduce the oppression • Expands Chinese territory into Korea, Indochina, and central Asia • Conducted trade with Parthian Empire in the Middle East, through which the Chinese traded with the Romans

  13. Han Dynasty • Most Famous ruler…Wu Ti (Wudi) rules from 140-87 BCE • Encouraged peace within the empire • Brought prosperity to China

  14. Han Dynasty • Seen as a “Golden Age” of Chinese Culture and development • Government was linked to formal Confucian training • Urged support for Confucianism (unlike Qin) • Quality of Han rule declines after about two centuries • Central control weakens • Nomads…the Huns threaten China’s borders • 220-589 CE: China was in a state of Chaos

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