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Sustainable Cities

Sustainable Cities. Dhaka. Karachi. Beijing. Los Angeles. Tokyo. New York. Cairo. Calcutta. Osaka. Mumbai (Bombay). Mexico City. Lagos. Sao Paulo. Manila. Jakarta. Shanghai. Buenos Aires. Mr. Clark Bethpage HS. Concepts. Distribution of urban and rural populations.

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Sustainable Cities

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  1. Sustainable Cities Dhaka Karachi Beijing Los Angeles Tokyo New York Cairo Calcutta Osaka Mumbai (Bombay) Mexico City Lagos Sao Paulo Manila Jakarta Shanghai Buenos Aires Mr. Clark Bethpage HS

  2. Concepts • Distribution of urban and rural populations • Factors determining urban development • Resource and environmental problems in urban areas

  3. Concepts • Effects of transportation systems on urban growth • Planning and controlling urban growth • Making cities more sustainable and desirable

  4. Urbanization and Urban Growth • Urban areas • Rural areas • Villages • Cities • Urban growth: natural increase and immigration • Push and pull factors

  5. Patterns of Urban Growth • Increasing proportion of population • Great increase in large cities (>1,000,000) • Increasing rapidly in developing counties • Urban growth slower in developed countries • Poverty in urban areas increasing

  6. Urbanization in the U.S. • Migration to large central cities • Migration from cities to suburbs • Migration from north and east to south and west • Migration from urban to rural areas • Spatial patterns of development

  7. United States by night

  8. Major Urban Regions in the U.S.

  9. Boston Springfield Hartford Providence Newark Allentown New York Harrisburg Philadelphia Baltimore Washington Detroit Cleveland Bowash (Boston to Washington) Pittsburgh Toledo Chicago Akron Chipitts (Chicago to Pittsburgh)

  10. Impacts of Urban Sprawl

  11. Urban Resource and Environmental Problems • Air and water pollution; waste management • Reduction in vegetation • Importation of food, energy, and materials • Noise pollution • Climate impacts: urban heat islands • Impacts on surrounding rural areas

  12. Urban Areas: Inputs and Outputs Inputs Outputs Energy Solid wastes Waste heat Food Air pollutants Water Water pollutants Raw materials Greenhouse gases Manufactured goods Manufactured goods Noise Money Wealth Ideas Information

  13. Urban Crisis When there are more people than the infrastructure can support an urban crisis develops. Living conditions deteriorate and increasing numbers of people become homeless.

  14. Transportation / Urban Development • Individual transit • Mass transit • Buses • Trains • Automobiles

  15. Infrastructure • Roads • Sewers • Railroads • Bridges • Canals • Schools • Libraries

  16. Infrastructure • Hospitals • Fire Stations • Police Stations • Power Lines • Water Mains • Dams

  17. Mass Transportation Buses Subway systems Railroad systems Trolley lines Ferries H.O.V. lanes

  18. Urban Poor in Developing Countries Slums Squatter settlements Shantytowns Illegal settlements Poverty and unemployment

  19. Atlanta, Georgia 1973 1979 1983 1987 1992 1997

  20. Urban Land-Use Planning and Control • Land-use planning • Property taxes • Zoning • Smart growth • Urban growth boundary • Greenbelts • Cluster development

  21. Suburban Sprawl As a consequence of an urban crisis, people move out of the city to the suburbs, expanding the city’s borders.

  22. Suburban Sprawl Suburbs offer more living space for less money, lower crime rates, and more privacy than cities. People are close enough that they can commute to work in the city. More Americans live in suburbs than in cities an country-side combined.

  23. Land Use Planning Land Use planning involves establishing a master zoning plan for suburban areas. Montgomery County , Maryland adopted a wedge and corridors plan in 1964 which is a model of land-use planning in the Unites States.

  24. Inner City Renovation Inner Harbor Baltimore Gentrification

  25. Open Spaces Greenbelts Parks On Long Island: the Pine Barrens Area.

  26. Greenbelts Urban center Greenbelt Satellite towns Major highways

  27. Cluster Housing Cluster Cluster housing development Creek Cluster Pond

  28. Solutions: Sustainable Urban Areas • New cities and towns • Dongtan, China • Ecocity (green city) • Curitiba • Portland, Oregon • New York City • Reykjavik • Trees and climate-specific landscaping • People-oriented • High energy efficiency

  29. New York City # 6 in most Sustainable cities in the United States

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