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Boundaries and Governance in Coastal and Marine Spaces

Boundaries and Governance in Coastal and Marine Spaces. Boundaries and Governance in Coastal and Marine Spaces. The Presentation: The Value of Coastal/Marine Spaces Governance of Marine Spaces Boundaries and Governance Marine Cadastre Implications for Governance Acknowledgements.

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Boundaries and Governance in Coastal and Marine Spaces

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  1. Boundaries and Governance in Coastal and Marine Spaces

  2. Boundaries and Governance in Coastal and Marine Spaces • The Presentation: • The Value of Coastal/Marine Spaces • Governance of Marine Spaces • Boundaries and Governance • Marine Cadastre Implications for Governance • Acknowledgements

  3. The Value of Coastal & Marine Spaces Habitat for endangered species Flood attenuation Water treatment Oil and gas Construction Tourism Groundwater recharge Species breeding and resting areas Recreational and commercial fishing MULTIPLE AND OVERLAPPING USES

  4. The Value of Coastal & Marine Spaces AboriginalGroups GovernmentDepartments TraditionalFishers UplandOwners and communities Municipalities Petroleum &Pipeline Companies CoastalCommunities Public Recreation& Access Fishing andAquaculture Industry MULTIPLE STAKEHOLDERS

  5. Governance of Marine Spaces People’s Relationship with One Another and with Their Environments [Sutherland, 2005]

  6. Vertical Coordination Future National Horizontal Coordination Government Government Other Stakeholders Present Temporal Coordination Local After Prescott [1985] Governance of Marine Spaces Stakeholder Engagement Addressing: Genuine consultation Collaboration, coordination, cooperation, integration …

  7. Governance of Marine Spaces Spatial Data Infrastructure [After McLaughlin and Nichols, 1994]

  8. BOUNDARIES HUMAN-INTERACTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL INTERNATIONAL(Sovereign and Jurisdictional) CANADIAN NATIONAL (Sovereign, jurisdictional and administrative) FEDERAL CROWN(Sovereign, jurisdictional and administrative) PROVINCIAL CROWN(Sovereign, jurisdictional and administrative) Interests Interests JURISDICTIONAL JURISDICTIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE(Retained Rights) ADMINISTRATIVE(Divested Rights) ADMINISTRATIVE(Retained Rights) ADMINISTRATIVE(Divested Rights) Public Rights Other Rights Aboriginal Rights Private Rights Customary Rights Aboriginal Rights Private Rights Customary Rights Private, cultural and customary Interests Private, cultural and customary Interests Retained Rights Divested Rights Retained Rights Divested Rights BOUNDARIES [Sutherland, 2005] EXTENDS INTO COASTAL AND MARINE SPACES

  9. BOUNDARIES 350 N.mi Legal Continental Shelf 200 N.mi Exclusive Economic Zone 24 N.mi Contiguous Zone 12 N.mi Territorial Sea High Seas 2500 Metres 100 N.mi The Area UNCLOS ZONES & RIGHTS After Nichols, 2003

  10. UNCLOS DEFNITION AND CLAIM OF MARINE BOUNDARIES

  11. Boundaries and Governance MULTIPLE AND OVERLAPPING RIGHTS AND INTERESTS [Sutherland, 2001; 2005]

  12. Boundaries and Governance COASTAL AND MARINE SPACES Laws/Regulations/Policies Stakeholders Physical Environments/Dimensions Rights/Interests/Restrictions REQUIRES INFORMATIONImplications for Cadastre

  13. Definition of Cadastre A parcel based and up-to-date land information system containing a record of interests in land (e.g., rights, restrictions, responsibilities) [FIG 1995] Fiscal – Supports Taxation Juridical/Legal – Supports land markets Multipurpose – Supports social, economic and environmental activities What are the implications for coastal and marine spaces?

  14. Marine Cadastre Multipurpose Cadastre Topography; Hydrography; Bathymetry; Hydrology; Soils; Vegetation; Geology; Legislation; Demographics; Ecology; Vulnerability ... Topography; Hydrography; Bathymetry; Hydrology; Soils; Vegetation; Geology; Legislation; Demographics; Ecology; Vulnerability ... [After Dale and McLaughlin, 1988]

  15. Marine Cadastre Research: Management and Access [Ng'ang'a, Sutherland, Cockburn and Nichols, 2002; 2004]

  16. Marine Cadastre Research: Technology – Governance (Decision-Making), Visualization and Access Applet Viewer Internet Internet Governance ArrangementsClient NeedsTechnologyTopology Source X Source 1 • Oracle 10i • Caris files • ESRI shape files • Orthophotography

  17. Marine Cadastre Developments: USA Marine Cadastre

  18. Marine Cadastre Developments: Australian Marine Spatial Information System

  19. Marine Cadastre Developments: Canada – Prototype Proof of Concept

  20. Canada • Interest and Initiatives: • University of New Brunswick, Canada since 2001 • Researchers at other Canadian universities • Surveyor General • Association of Canada Lands Surveyors • Canadian Hydrographic Association • Canadian Institute of Geomatics • COINAtlantic and Geoconnections, Canada • Natural Resources Canada

  21. http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-sciences/geography-boundary/boundary/modernization-cadastral-systems/11129http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-sciences/geography-boundary/boundary/modernization-cadastral-systems/11129

  22. Conclusions Boundaries have always been key in governance arrangements; Marine cadastre is still a relatively new concept but is developing [slowly]; Marine cadastre concept can be an integral part of a holistic governance framework

  23. Acknowledgements • The author acknowledges the support of: • COINAtlantic and Geoconnections, Canada • Mr. Daniel Jones, Department of Geomatics Engineering and Land Management, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago • Dr. Sue Nichols, Titus Tienaah and Katie Komjathy, Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Canada • Brad Fay, Brad Fay & Associates, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

  24. Boundaries and Governance in Coastal and Marine Spaces

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