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PLAN REVIEW FIRE RATED ASSEMBLIES 3 HOUR PR CP-18-00115

PLAN REVIEW FIRE RATED ASSEMBLIES 3 HOUR PR CP-18-00115. February 21, 2019 Mark Riley.

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PLAN REVIEW FIRE RATED ASSEMBLIES 3 HOUR PR CP-18-00115

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  1. PLAN REVIEW FIRE RATED ASSEMBLIES 3 HOUR PR CP-18-00115 February 21, 2019 Mark Riley

  2. Fire-Rated Construction There are four types of fire-resistance rated walls. Before you can know what type (if any) fire damper to use, you first must know which of the four types of walls you have. To learn about the 4 types, see MBC Chapter 7.

  3. Types of Assemblies • Fire wall • Fire Barrier • Shafts • Fire Partition

  4. FIREWALLS • Fire Walls • Major separation walls between buildings – or – to divide one building into separate buildings. • This is the most restrictive of the various types of fire-rated walls, and is rather rare on most building projects. • Most fire-rated walls within buildings are not this extreme. So don’t refer to all rated construction as “Fire Walls”!! • A Fire Wall actually allows you to treat the spaces on opposite sides of the wall as totally separate buildings. • Usually three to four-hour rated, and are usually structurally independent.

  5. FIREWALL CONTINUED • Hazardous exhaust ducts cannot be run through a firewall. 502.10.2 MMC • You cannot run a duct or air transfer opening through a Fire Wall located on a property or lot line – not at all – not even with a fire damper. • •If you run a duct or air transfer opening through a Fire Wall located within a building, use a three-hour fire damper. • 2015 MBC Section 706

  6. FIRE BARRIERS • Medium-rating level of the various types of fire-rated walls. • •Examples: Exit passageway enclosures • Atrium boundaries • Stairwell enclosures • Separations between occupancies in a mixed-use building • Others

  7. FIRE BARRIERS You cannot run a duct or air transfer opening through an exit passageway enclosure or stairwell enclosure (not at all; not even with a fire damper) unless that duct is for the purpose of independent stairwell pressurization.

  8. SHAFT ENCLOSURES • Usually two-hour rated. • Shaft enclosures are not required if all of the following are true: (a)fully-sprinklered building, • (b)not a hospital or prison, • (c)connects only two floors and no more. • In the above case, use a 1½-hour horizontal fire damper at the floor line. • Other than the above case, shaft enclosures are required anytime a duct travels vertically floor-to-floor.

  9. FIRE PARTITIONS Minimum-rating level of the various types of fire-rated walls. Usually one-hour rated. Examples: Corridor walls Tenant-separation walls in a multi-tenant building Note that corridor walls in most fully-sprinklered buildings are not required to be rated at all – Residential, egress access and institutional excluded in some cases.

  10. SMOKE BARRIER AND PARTITIONS • SMOKE BARRIER. A continuous membrane, either vertical or horizontal, such as a wall, floor or ceiling assembly, • that is designed and constructed to restrict the movement of • smoke. • SMOKE PARTITION: Continuity. Smoke partitions shall extend from the top • of the foundation or floor below to the underside of the floor or roof sheathing, deck or slab above or to the underside of the ceiling above where the ceiling membrane is constructed • to limit the transfer of smoke.

  11. SMOKE BARRIER Found in hospitals and prisons, and are used to completely divide a building floor into two compartments. A tell-tale sign of a smoke barrier on a hospital floor is to look for a double opposite-swing door in the corridor; that door will be on the smoke barrier wall. In a hospital, every floor that features patient care or patient sleeping rooms (as opposed to floors that are exclusively administrative or educational) must have a smoke barrier that runs straight (or reasonably close to straight) across the entire floor, from one exterior wall to the other, that divides the floor into two distinct halves. • •Smoke Barriers are a more restrictive classification than Smoke Partitions.

  12. SMOKE BARRIERS A Class I or II smoke damper is required at each duct penetration of a smoke barrier. Smoke barriers are also automatically one-hour fire barriers.

  13. SMOKE PARTITION Used to enclose storage rooms, trash rooms, boiler and furnace rooms, and similar rooms that have a higher-than-average chance of fire. Smoke partitions are intended to contain the smoke and heat resulting from a fire just long enough to activate sprinklers or smoke detectors quickly. Corridor walls in I-2 use too.

  14. Identification of rated elements 703.7 • 703.7 Marking and identification. Where there is an accessible concealed floor, floor-ceiling or attic space, fire walls, fire barriers, fire partitions, smoke barriers and smoke partitions or any other wall required to have protected openings or penetrations shall be effectively and permanently identified with signs or stenciling in the concealed space. Such identification shall: • 1. Be located within 15 feet of the end of each wall and at intervals not exceeding 30 feet measured horizontally along the wall or partition.

  15. Identification of rated elements 703.7 • Include lettering not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in • height with a minimum 3/8-inch (9.5 mm) stroke in a contrasting color incorporating the suggested wording, • “FIRE AND/OR SMOKE BARRIER—PROTECT • ALL OPENINGS,” or other wording.

  16. Types of Horizontal Assemblies 711.2.4 • Horizontal assemblies may be either: a floor or roof assembly • Section 711.2.4.3 – Fire-resistance rating  Horizontal assemblies serving as dwelling or sleeping unit separations (per 420.3) shall be not less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction. (Exception ½ hour ) • Separating mixed occupancies. • Separating fire areas. • Dwelling units and sleeping units. • Separating smoke compartments. • Separating incidental uses • Other separations.

  17. SECTION 607DUCT AND TRANSFER OPENINGS • This section also coordinates with 717 of MBC. • This section covers both fire dampers and smoke dampers. • This chapter is some what misinterpreted.

  18. 607.1.1 Ducts between shafts • Ducts transitioning horizontally between shafts shall not require a shaft enclosure provided that the duct penetration into each associated shaft is protected with dampers complying with this section. • May not be true with listed shaft systems like 3M Fire barrier duct wrap.

  19. 717.1.2 Ducts that penetrate fire-resistance-ratedassemblies without dampers. This section is mis spoke of: Hilti design does not eliminate fire damper but when code does not require damper through rated assembly this is what has to be done. The Annular space needs to be firestop per code.

  20. 607.2.1 Smoke control system. • Where the installation • of a fire damper will interfere with the operation of a • required smoke control system in accordance with Section 909 of the International Building Code, approved alternative • protection shall be used.

  21. 607.3 Damper testing, ratings and actuation. • Only fire dampers labeled for use in dynamic systems • shall be installed in heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems designed to operate with fans on during a fire. • Only ceiling radiation dampers labeled for use in dynamic systems shall be installed in heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems designed to operate with fans on during a fire.

  22. 607.3 Damper testing, ratings and actuation. Continued, • Corridor dampers shall demonstrate acceptable closure performance when subjected to 150 feet per minute (0.76 mps) velocity across the face of the damper using the UL 555 fire exposure test.

  23. 607.3.2.1 Fire & smoke damper ratings • 607.3.2.2 Smoke damper ratings. Smoke • damper leakage ratings shall be Class I or II. Elevated temperature ratings shall be not less than 250°F • 607.3.2.3 Combination fire/smoke damper ratings. Must have both.

  24. 607.3.3.1 Fire damper actuation device. • Damper link 50 degrees above normal temp. but not less 160 degrees. • Smoke control 350 degrees. • Smoke dampers have RRL reset so link does not need replacing.

  25. 607.3.3.2 Smoke damper actuation • Duct smoke detector @ 5 feet. • At smoke barrier door spot type • Un ducted opening spot detector @ 5 feet • smoke detection system • installed in the corridor.

  26. 607.4 Access and identification. • approved means of access, large enough to permit inspection and maintenance of the damper and its operating parts. • Access points shall be permanently identified on the exterior by a label having letters not less than 0.5 inch

  27. When required 607.5 Dampers. • Exterior walls Section 705.10 • Fire walls Section 706.11 • Fire barriers Section 707.10 • Fire partitions Section 708.9 • Smoke barriers Section 709.8 • Smoke partitions Section 710.8 • Horitzonal openings Section 712.1.6 • Shafts Section 713.10 • Penetrations Section 714.1.1

  28. CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS 106.3 MMC • Construction documents for buildings more than 2 stories in height shall indicate where penetrations will be made for mechanical systems, and the materials and methods for maintaining required structural safety, fire-resistance rating, and fire blocking. • Plans must indicate location of fire dampers. Note on plan not acceptable.

  29. Exterior walls Section 705.10 • Ducts and air transfer openings. Penetrations by air ducts and air transfer openings in fire-resistance-rated exterior walls required to have protected openings shall comply with Section 717. • See table 705.8 • That is a wall with an FSD from 3 feet to 5 feet (914 mm to 1524 mm) for nonsprinklered buildings. For sprinklered buildings, protected openings are never required

  30. FIRE WALLS • 706.11 Ducts and air transfer openings. Ducts and air transfer openings shall not penetrate fire walls. • Exception: Penetrations by ducts and air transfer openings of fire walls that are not on a lot line shall be allowed provided the penetrations comply with Section 717. There are no exceptions for fire walls, some penetrations are not allowed, (hazardous exhaust ducts).

  31. Fire barriers Section 707.10 • Exceptions: • ASTM E119 or UL 263 as part of the fire-resistance-rated assembly. ( rarely happens ) • Smoke control system alternative required. • Sprinklered buildings – • 1 hour fully ducted metal system from air handler to register. • 717.5.2 Fire barriers

  32. 717.5.2 Fire barriers Continued • Horizontal exits. A listed smoke damper designed to resist the passage of smoke shall be provided • at each point a duct or air transfer opening penetrates • a fire barrier that serves as a horizontal exit.

  33. 717.5.4 Fire partitions. • Required fire damper unless: • Corridor walls in buildings equipped throughout • with an automatic sprinkler system . Some other Restrict. • Tenant partitions in covered and open mall buildings • where the walls are not required by provisions • elsewhere in the code to extend to the underside of the floor or roof sheathing, • Duct sleeve alternative. • See next page. • Such walls are penetrated by ducted HVAC systems, • have a required fire-resistance rating of 1 • hour or less, same as fire barriers.

  34. DUCT SLEEVE ALTERNATIVE. 3.1. The duct shall not exceed 100 square inches 3.2. The duct shall be constructed of steel notless than 0.0217 inch in thickness. 3.3. The duct shall not have openings that communicate the corridor with adjacent spaces or rooms. 3.4. The duct shall be installed above a ceiling. 3.5. The duct shall not terminate at a wall register in the fire-resistance-rated wall. 3.6. A minimum 12-inch-long by 0.060-inch-thick steel sleeve shall be centered in each duct opening. The sleeve shall be secured to both sides of the wall and all four sides of the sleeve with minimum 11/2-inch by 11/2-inch by 0.060-inch steel retaining angles. The retaining angles shall be secured to the sleeve and the wall with No. 10 (M5) screws. The annular space between the steel sleeve and the wall opening shall be filled with mineral wool batting on all sides.

  35. 717.5.4.1 Corridors. Duct and air transfer openingsthat penetrate corridors shall be protected with dampers as follows: A corridor damper shall be provided where corridor ceilings, constructed as required for the corridor walls as permitted in Section 708.4, Exception 3, are penetrated. A ceiling radiation damper shall be provided where the ceiling membrane of a fire-resistanceratedfloor-ceiling or roof-ceiling assembly, constructed as permitted in Section 708.4, Exception 2, is penetrated. A listed smoke damper designed to resist the passage of smoke shall be provided at each point a duct or air transfer opening penetrates a corridor

  36. 717.5.5 Smoke barriers • A listed smoke damper designed to resist the passage of smoke shall be provided at each • point a duct or air transfer opening penetrates a smoke barrier. • Exceptions: • Smoke dampers are not required where the openings in ducts are limited to a single smoke compartment and the ducts are constructed of steel.

  37. 717.5.5 Smoke barriers exceptions continued. • I-2 where quick response sprinklers are used. Ducted system. These exceptions still require fire damper • Requirements.

  38. 717.5.7 Smoke partitions. • Smoke damper is only required for air transfer openings. • Ducted openings only • to be sealed around annular space.

  39. 717.5.3 Shaft enclosures. • Both fire and smoke dampers required. • Exceptions are in 2 parts one for fire damper and one smoke damper.

  40. Fire damper exceptions • Use of Sub ducts 22” high • ASTM E 119 or UL 263 as part of the fire-resistance-rated assembly. • Smoke control system per section 909. • Parking Garage in separate 2 hour shaft

  41. Smoke damper exceptions: • In Group B and R occupancies equipped throughout • with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance • with Section 903.3.1.1, smoke dampers are • not required at penetrations of shafts where all of • the following criteria are met: • Subducts used. Exhaust fans continuous with back up power. • Kitchen clothes dryer exhaust

  42. 717.6.2 Membrane penetrations • 1. A shaft enclosure in accordance with Section 713. • 2. A listed ceiling radiation damper installed at the • ceiling line where a duct penetrates the ceiling of a • fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling • assembly. • 3. A listed ceiling radiation damper installed at the • ceiling line where a diffuser with no duct attached • penetrates the ceiling of a fire-resistance-rated floor/ • ceiling or roof/ceiling assembly. • There are exceptions in next section. • Check UL design for rated floor ceiling assemblies.

  43. 717.6.1 Through penetrations. • Buildings duct penetrates 2 floors are less no shaft but fire dampers at each floor. Three story buildings or less.

  44. A duct is permitted to penetrate three floorsor less without a fire damper at each floor • Located in cavity wall and 26 gage. • Open only in one dwelling unit. • No larger than 4” round. • If grille opening is in rated floor ceiling assembly ceiling radiation damper. Not required if opening is in the wall.

  45. Fire damper instructions • Framing around dampers • Sleeve requirements • Damper outside of rated wall alternative.

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