Evolution of Computers: From Calculating Machines to Artificial Intelligence

1. 英语课件 人教课标版 高一必修 2 Unit 3

2. Reading

3. abacus

4. calculator

5. huge computer

6. PC = personal computer

7. laptop

8. PDA = personal digital assistant

9. robot

10. Warming up Look at these pictures. Discuss what they have in common. Predict what it is going to be about.

11. What’s next?

12. Pre-reading questions • What have computers changed our life? 2. What changes will they bring to us in the future?

13. Task 1 Skimming 1. Who is the speaker in this story? A computer. 2. Write down three sentences from the story to support your idea. 1) I was built as an Analytical machine by Charles Babbage.

14. 2) My real father, Alan Turing, … 3) I was always lonely standing there by myself, until in early 1960s they gave me a family connected by a network.

15. Task 2 Fast reading 1. Where were you in 1642? In France. 2. What happened to you after nearly two hundred years? I was built as an Analytical Machine by Babbage. 3. What were you called in 1936? A universal machine. 4. What happened to you in the 1970s? I have been used in offices and homes.

16. Task 3 Careful reading The computer began as a calculating machine． The computer grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower.

17. Computers had grown as large as a room. 1960s Computers were used in offices and homes. Computers connect people all over the world together.

18. calculating analytical universal mathematical problems

19. Memory Transistors Communication Applications Trade Medical operations

20. These changes only became possible as my memory improved. Over time I have been changed quite a lot. Calculating machine Analytical machine Universal machine PC laptop tubes transistors chips network World Wide Web

21. Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me. ＊ communications ＊finance ＊ trade ＊ robots ＊ mobile phones ＊ medical operations ＊ space rockets ＊ providing a life of high quality

22. Task 4 Fill in the blanks. totally revolution simplify calculate mobile solve

23. explore totally anyhow finance

24. The history of computers

25. the second generation (1956-1963) The first generation (1945-1956) the fourth generation (1971- ) the third generation (1964-1971)

26. Task 5 QUESTION-ANSWER COMPETITION

27. What is PC? Speak the name on the whole. It means: personal computer. 2. What is IT? Information Technology. 3. What is CD-ROM? Compact disc read-only memory. 4. What is PDA? Personal digital assistant.

28. 5. What is W.W.W? World wide web. 6. 科学技术。 Science and technology. 7. 人工智能。 Artificial intelligence. 8.笔记本电脑。 Notebook computer.

29. 9. Who was the first person to devise the first computer? Charles Babbage invented an Analytical machine in 1822. 10. Who was the computers’ real father? Alan Turing.

30. Discuss How computers have changed our lives?

32. Reading task on Page 58 Read the passage and then fill in the chart.

33. Expert at high flying exercises: Olympic standard Wonderful turns, dives, circles and dances Silver medal for high flying exercises Began very well but failed through no fault of his own Parachute failed to open. Two new legs and a new bigger head

34. Language points 1. in common: for or by all of a group 共同的；共有的；共用的 the land owned in common by the residents 居民共有的土地 in common 常常同have连用，如： have nothing in common 无共同之处 have little in common 几乎无共同之处

35. have something in common 有一些共同之处 • have a lot in common 有许多共同之处 • 以下是从英国国家语料库中选出来的几个例句: • You know, Dorothy, you and I have one • thing in common． • 2) We just had nothing in common and I couldn’t communicate with his dull business friends． • 3) I suddenly felt we had a lot in common.

36. 2. calculate v.work (sth.) out by using numbers e.g.: calculate the cost of sth. calculator n. 让我们一起回忆一下以or结尾的词吧： visitor, survivor, competitor, editor …

37. 3. analytical adj.分析的, 解析的 analyse vt.分析;研究 analogy n.相似;类似 analysis n.分析;研究 analyst n.分析家 analytic adj.分析的;分解的

38. 4. artificial adj.人工的, 人造的 artificial flowers/limbs/pearls 假花/假肢/假珍珠 artificial intelligence 人工智能

39. 5. as a result结果；终于；因此 [考例] My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; ______, he could neither eat nor sleep. (江西2005) A. as a result B. after all C. any way D. otherwise

40. [点拨] 考查短语辨析。as a result结果；after all毕竟；any way不管怎样；otherwise 否则。由句意可知要选as a result。

41. 6. totally adv.整个地; 完全地 totally blind 全盲 total adj.完全的; 整个的 total silence 寂静无声 in total 总共

42. 7. Over time my memory has developed so much that, ... I never forget anything I have been told. [考点]so ... that ... 引导结果状语从句。 [考例1] The weather was ______ cold that I didn’t like to leave my room. (2008 全国卷I) A. really B. such C. too D. so

43. [考例2] I haven’t seen Ann for ______ long that I’ve forgotten what she looks like. (四川2008) A. such B. very C. so D. too [点拨]两题都考查so ... that ... 的用法。

44. 8. And my memory becamesolarge that even I couldn’t believe it! 句型：so… that… 如此……以致于…… 与 too…to… 句型的相互转换 And my memory became too large for me to believe it. e.g.: He is so old that he can’t carry the box. He is too old to carry the box.

45. 此结构中的that从句表示结果。 The stone is so heavy that no one can lift it. 比较:so that 既可以表结果,也可以表目的。 so...that...结构的so+形容词/副词位于句首时, 句子用倒装结构。 So hard does he workthat he seldom goes home.

46. 9. But I was always so lonely standing there by myself, until in early 1960s they gave me a family connected by a network. [点拨]until表示“直到……时”，在肯定句中，指从开始到结束的整段时间，谓语动词一般是延续性的。在否定句中构成not ... until，意为“直到……才”，指到某一点动作才开始，谓语动词一般是非延续性的。其强调句是it is (was) not until ... that ...。当not until位于句首时，句子要进行倒装。

47. 如： The experts explored the island until the end of last year. 直到去年年底，专家们一直都在勘查这个小岛。 We didn’t solve the problem until Mr. Smith helped us. 直到史密斯先生帮助我们，我们才解决了那个问题。 It was not until last year that my hope became a reality. Not until noon did it stop raining.

48. 10. I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations. 1) help (sb.) with sth.协助(某人)做某事 e.g.: A man is helping the police with their enquiries. 有一男子在协助警方进行调查。

49. 2) as well as 也，还，而且 e.g.: He grows flowers as well as vegetables. She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer. 3) 这个句子是现在完成时被动语态，其结 构是 (have / has + been + 过去分词） e.g.: The radio has been repaired when we phoned the shop.

50. [考例1] Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ______ yet. (浙江2007) A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided [点拨]本题考查动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。由yet可知要用完成时态，又因时间与地点是被决定的，故应用被动语态。此外，“在什么时候和什么地点（做报告）”是指同一件事，故用单数形式。