Bellwork

1. Bellwork • Grab a notes packet from the back  • Turn in your Dr. Seuss Homework 

2. People of World War 2 & Technology Women, African Americans, aviation, weaponry, communication, medicine...everything  

3. Today's Standards • US.64 Examine and explain the entry of large numbers of women into the workforce during World War II and its subsequent impact on American society (such as at Avco in Tennessee), as well as the service of women in the armed forces, including Cornelia Fort. (C, E, P, TN)  • US.65 Examine the impact of World War II on economic and social conditions for African Americans, including the Fair Employment Practices Committee, the service of African Americans in the armed forces and the work force, and the eventual integration of the armed forces by President Truman. (C, E, H, P) • US.67 Describe the major developments in aviation, weaponry, communication, and medicine (penicillin), and the war’s impact on the location of American industry and use of resources. (E, G)

4. Today's Objectives  • Students will understand the role of women during WW2 and be able to describe it in their own words.  • Students will analyze the major war production developments of WW2 by reading and answering questions. • Students will be able to describe the role of African Americans in the Armed Forces during WW2. 

5. Women on the Homefront  • The defense industry provided lots of jobs, and unemployment fell to 1.2% in 1944 (during the Great Depression, unemployment hovered between 15-25%)  • Women were able to get more jobs during the war, but many of them lost them after the war ended  • Over 6 million women entered the workforce for the first time – 35% of the workforce was women  • 1/3 of these jobs were in defense plants – women also enjoyed jobs in journalism and other typically male-dominated jobs 

8. Women WW2  • http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/rosie-the-riveter/videos/american-women-in-world-war-ii

9. AVCO  • Aviation assembly plant in Tennessee created during the war to help with the construction of airplanes • Many of the jobs were filled by women – ex: riveters 

10. Women in the Armed Forces  • Almost 400,000 women served in the Armed Forces during WW2  • They served in the Army and Navy Nurse Corps, Women's Army Corps (WAC), Army Air Forces, the Navy's Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES), in the Marine Corps Women's Reserve, and in the Coast Guard (SPARs)  • Other women worked with the military through service with organizations such as the American Red Cross, the United Service Organizations (USO), and the Civil Air Patrol • Helped alleviate the stress on drafting men  

12. Cornelia Fort  • December 7, 1941 – Cornelia Fort was giving a flying lesson when the Japanese approached Pearl Harbor – she was able to land her plane before it was hit, but no one was hurt  • From Nashville, Tennessee • 1942 – she was one of the small number of women chosen to be members of the Women's Auxiliary Flying Squadron – flew new airplanes from factories to military bases • Killed in a mid-air collision in 1943

13. Let's Pause  • On your notes, answer the following question: • Based on the information just discussed about Women in WW2, what did you find the most fascinating. Explain why. 

14. African Americans World War 2 • During the war, thousands of African Americans left the south – many moved to the Midwest (better jobs) • 1940 – percentage of African Americans working in skilled or semiskilled jobs went from 16% to 30%  • They were still faced with discrimination wherever they moved – as they moved to already overcrowded cities, tensions rose • 1943 – a wave of racial violence swept the nation – the worst was in Detroit – by the end of a 3 day riot, 9 whites and 25 African Americans were dead 

15. FDR responds  • Because of the racial tension, several employers refused to hire African Americans... • Executive Order 8802 • Issued by FDR in June 1941 • Banned discriminatory employment practices by Federal Agencies, war-related industries and unions related to the war effort • Established the Fair Employment Practices Committee to make sure this order was upheld

16. African Americans in the Armed Forces  • Over One million served during WW2 – in segregated units  • The Navy only allowed African Americans to work in non-combat roles (waiters on ships, janitorial staff, etc.)  • First time as officers and pilots  • Tuskegee Airmen  • First African American servicemen to serve as aviators in the military  • They trained at Tuskegee Institute (remember, that was founded by Booker T. Washington)

17. Integration of the Armed Forces - Truman • Executive Order 9981 • Issued by Truman in July 1948 (after WW2) • Ended racial discrimination in the U.S. Armed Forces  • Equality of opportunity and treatment • No more segregated units 

18. Let's Pause  • Summarize African American involvement in WW2 in your own words – once you've written a response, discuss with your neighbor – be prepared to share with the class 

19. Bellwork • Get out your notes from Thursday – People of WW2 and Technology • Notice your homework on the board  • Answer the following question on the back of your notes: • What do you already know about the technology of WW2?

20. American Industry WW2 • WW2 drastically changed American industry  • Companies already in defense work expanded • Automobile industry was transformed – car companies were making airplane engines, guns, trucks, and tanks  • US launched more vessels in 1941 than Japan did in the entire war • Many factories ran around the clock

21. Developments in Aviation  • Bombers, fighters, and transport planes = 3 planes used during WW2 • Although WW1 = first major war with airplanes, WW2 = first war where battles were sometimes fought completely in the air 

22. Developments in Weaponry 

23. Developments in Communication  • Radio communication  • Codes – Code breakers (over 10,000 were women) • Purple Machine - Japan (diplomatic, not military communication)  • Enigma – Germany • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=unqVdVQogQ8

24. Because code breaking is cool... • Bletchley Park – GB – housed largest code breaking operation – Ultra-G (British decoded German code) – it was secret until 1970 (historians had to reconsider all of WW2 because of this discovery)  • Code breaking was not easy – of the 10,000 codes exchanged daily, only about 1,000 were intercepted, and only about 100 of those were actually decoded – decoding took a lot of work – it wasn't easy  • Also, Japanese infantry units could only communicate by sending messages up the chain of command – because the chain of command was so extensive, a message got sent several times, making it easier to intercept – without code breaking in the Pacific, the war in the Pacific would have been bloodier and longer 

25. Developments in Medicine  • 1920's – Scottish bacteriologist Sir Alexander Fleming – came up with idea of penicillin • 1940's – because of a high demand for a bacteria/infection fighting drug, race to see who could produce the most effective way of making penicillin at a high quantity –company = Pfizer – created a process that could produce five times as much of the drug as any other company • Recognizing potential of the Pfizer process for producing penicillin & desperate for massive quantities, the US government authorized 19 companies to produce the antibiotic – but Pfizer created 90% of the penicillin that went overseas in 1944 (Normandy, France – D-day)

26. Exit Ticket  • At the bottom of your notes, answer the following questions: • Of the new developments of WW2, which do you think was the most significant? Why? • What new technology of WW2 do you think is the most interesting? Why?