1 / 10

Machine Language

Apps. O/S. Machine Language. Arch. m Arch. Logic. Digital. Analog. Devices. Physics. Assembly Language  Computer?. A computer, at its most basic level, needs instruction using a set of bits.

sybil-arnold
Download Presentation

Machine Language

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Apps O/S Machine Language Arch mArch Logic Digital Analog Devices Physics

  2. Assembly Language  Computer? • A computer, at its most basic level, needs instruction using a set of bits. • How do we translate concepts such as “add” into a language the computer understands (machine code)?

  3. Instruction Encoding • Instruction set architecture also defines the mapping of assembly instructions to machine code add 1 2 3

  4. Instruction Formats • In every architecture, there is a set of basic formats that most of their instructions follow. • In LC2K7, for example: • R-type instructions (Register type – and, nand) • I-type instructions (Immediate type – lw, sw, beq)

  5. Instruction Encodings • In order to construct these instructions, we need to translate the information in an assembly statement. • Opcode: encoded as special codes for each operation • add (000), nand (001), lw (010), sw (011), beq (100), jalr (101), halt (110), noop (111) • Register Values: Just encode the register number • r2 = 010 , etc. • Immediate Values: Just encode the value • remember to fill up the allotted bits!

  6. Encoding Example nand 7 3 4

  7. Encoding Example lw 5 2 -8

  8. Instruction Encoding Regularity • Instruction set architecture also defines the mapping of assembly instructions to machine code add 1 2 3

  9. Encoding – Your Turn • Compute the encoding (give the hex) for: • add 3 7 3 (opcode for add is 000) • sw 5 1 67 (opcode for sw is 011)

  10. Encoding – Your Turn, part II • Compute the encoding (give the hex) for: • beq 3 4 top (opcode for beq is 100) • The beq is on line 217 • The label top appears on line 222

More Related