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Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasma gondii. By Jason Soderberg and Sam Rawson. Toxoplasma gondii. An intestinal coccidium Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Chromalveolata Superphylum : Alveolata Phylum: Apicomplexa Class: Conoidasida Subclass: Coccidiasina Order: Eucoccidiorida Family: Sarcocystidae

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Toxoplasma gondii

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  1. Toxoplasmagondii By Jason Soderberg and Sam Rawson

  2. Toxoplasmagondii • An intestinal coccidium • Domain: Eukaryota • Kingdom: Chromalveolata • Superphylum: Alveolata Phylum: Apicomplexa • Class: Conoidasida Subclass: Coccidiasina • Order: Eucoccidiorida • Family: Sarcocystidae • Genus: Toxoplasma • Species: T. gondii

  3. Geographic Distribution Found all over the world - Estimates suggest that over 30% of human population is infected - With over 60 million people in the United States infected.

  4. Hosts Definitive Hosts Intermediate hosts • Rats • Toxoplasmagondii can change the hosts behavior making rats fearless in front of cats. • Birds • Humans • Warm blooded mammals • Asexual reproduction • http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=__K104jSGzs#t=62s • Cats • Sexual reproduction occurs

  5. Indirect Life Cycle: Intermediate Host • Oocysts exit cat via feces on ingested food or water • Oocysts enter macrophages in intestinal lining • In the gut oocysts becomes tachyzoites which move to other parts of the body via the bloodstream • Once in tissues tachyzoites further develop into the cyst bradyzoite in muscle and neural tissue • Commonly found in skeletal muscles, brain, myocardium and eyes where they can remain for many decades • If an intermediate host is eaten by a cat or human the tissue cysts get ingested and parasite activates in small intestines

  6. Direct Life Cycle: Definitive Host • Tissue cysts (oocyst and sporocyst) are ingested by a cat (feed on infected mouse) • Break open releasing sporozoites • Sporozoites enter intestinal epithelial cells of cat • Undergo schizogony to form schizont with merozoites • Merozoites burst out (occurs 2 0r 3 times) • Micro and macrogametes form and fertilize eachother to produce a zygote • Zygote ecysts to form oocyst which is excreted in feces

  7. Stages of Toxoplasmagondii Tachyzoites : in lung smear Tissue cysts in muscle Tissue cyst seperated from host tissue Schizont Male gamete : 2 flagella Unsporulatedoocyst in feces Sporulatedoocyst with a thin oocyst wall

  8. 4 ways of infection: • Consuming undercooked infected meat. • Ingesting contaminated water / soil • Blood transfusions (SUPER RARE) • Congenital infection: Mother to child.

  9. Toxoplasmosis • Most people are asymptomatic and do not display symptoms • **immunosuppressed patients and pregnant women must be cautious • Prenatally aquired T. gondii often infects brain and retina • Wide spectrum of clinical disease from diminished vision to a classic tetrad of signs: retinochoroiditis, hydrocephalus, convulsions, and intracerebral calcifications

  10. Symptoms • Flu , Swollen lymph glands and muscle aches lasting for a month or more • Severe cases: cause damage to brain, eyes or other organs. • Encephalitis: acute inflammation of the brain • Important and severe manifestation of toxoplasmosis in immunosuppressed patients • Can cause coma and death • May contribute to schizophrenia

  11. Diagnosis / Treatment Diagnosis Treatment • Serelogical test, for Immunoglobulin antibodies (IgG, IgA, IgM) • Molecular techniques can be used to detect toxoplasmagondi DNA in amniotic fluid. • Combinations of Pyrimethamine with trisulapyrimidines or sulfadiazine plus folinic acid • Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprime can be used if above is not available

  12. Prevention • Cook food to safe temps • Freeze meat for several days before cooking • Peel/ wash fruits and veggies • Wash cutting boards with hot soapy water after contact with raw meat. • Avoid untreated water • Change litter box daily and wash hands after • Keep sandboxes covered. • If pregnant over immuno-comprimised have someone else do it • Keep cats indoors.

  13. DISSSCUCCCCCCSION • Where is Toxoplasmagondiigeographically located?? • What is the definitive host? • Where does asexual reproduction occur?

  14. SOURCES • CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/index.html • Parasites in humans http://www.parasitesinhumans.org/toxoplasma-gondii.html • ArS.usda.gov http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/docs.htm?docid=11013 • NCBI • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7752/

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