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CH-2 Patterns of Associations

CH-2 Patterns of Associations. Dr. Yusheng M. Huang. Chapter Outline. Spatial Distribution Evolutionary Relationships and Taxonomic Classification Trophic Relationships The General Nature of Marine Life. 2.1 Spatial Distribution.

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CH-2 Patterns of Associations

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  1. CH-2 Patterns of Associations Dr. Yusheng M. Huang

  2. Chapter Outline • Spatial Distribution • Evolutionary Relationships and Taxonomic Classification • Trophic Relationships • The General Nature of Marine Life

  3. 2.1 Spatial Distribution A simple way to classify marine organisms is according to where they live.

  4. The benthos includes all organisms living on the sea bottom (the epifauna) or in the sediment of the seafloor (the infauna). • Nekton: the large actively swimming marine animals found in the pelagic division. • Pelagic plankton: carried about by water currents, plankton have little or no ability to control their geographic distribution, although some have reasonable abilities to swim vertically.

  5. 2.2 Evolutionary Relationships and Taxonomic Classification All living organisms exhibit varying capabilities for both ecologic and evolutionary adaptations to changing conditions. • Evolutionary adaptations: • Competition between individuals • Survival of the fitter

  6. Taxonomy and Classification • Biologists estimate that between 10 and 30 million different species of organisms exist on Earth today. • Common ancestor

  7. 5 Kingdoms

  8. 2.3 Trophic Relationships • Harvesting Energy • Autotrophic vs. Heterotrphic Autotrophic Primary producers: Photosynthesis and Chemosynthesis Heterotrophic consumers and decomposers: Herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores.

  9. Food Chains and Food Webs

  10. 2.4 The General Nature of Marine Life • Marine life is unique in several important ways: terrestrial vs. oceanic environment • Many of the substances produced by marine primary producers are not consumed directly by herbivores but are dissolved into seawater. • Organisms in the aphotic zone depend on the foods from the photic zone above • Water provides buoyancy and structural support

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