Ch. 13 -New Global Patterns

1. Ch. 13 -New Global Patterns Japan Modernizes Southeast Asia and the Pacific Self-Rule for Canada, Australia and New Zealand Economic Imperialism for Latin America Impact of Imperialism

2. Essays for Chapter 13 Explain how IMPERIALISM affected cultures in the imperialized countries. Give 2 examples What were the ADVANTAGES and DISADVANTAGES brought by colonial rule? Do you think subject people were better or worse off as a result of Imperialism? Explain

3. Maps - Europe Required:Extra Credit: Austria Belguim DenmarkCzech Republic France Holland (the Netherlands) Germany Hungary ItalyPortugal NorwaySweden PolandSwitzerland IrelandTurkey Spain United Kingdom (England)

4. Japan Modernizes(centuries of isolation – believed they were superior) • Discontent in Tokugawa Japan • 200 years of Shogun. Corruption/poor leadership brought discontent • Upper/Middle class – economy did not support their lifestyles • Merchant Class – no political power • Government tried to revive old ways • Opening up Japan • External Pressure/Internal Revolt • US Military presence – resisted – won trade concessions • Japanese resented unequal trade agreements • Reforms under the Meiji (15 year old emperor) • Replacing feudal lords with ne political and social system • Government: Emperor had autocratic power: Diet – elected body • Economic Reforms: modeled after west, economy boomed • Social Change: Ended class distinctions, schools set up • Homogeneous Society allowed for social reforms (ethnicity never an issue)

5. Japan Modernizes • Growing Military Strength • This small island nation lacked natural resources essential of industrial growth • Spurred by nationalism, Japan will move to build an empire • Sino-Japanese war: Japan wins war with China (control of Taiwan) • Russo-Japanese war: Japan wins war with Russia (control of Korea, Manchuria) • Japanese ruthlessly controls Korea for next 37 years • Korean Nationalist Movement against Japanese rule. Crushed by Japanese, many Korean massacred • Japan biggest power in SE Asia from late 1800’s to mid 1900’s • Looking Ahead • Japan will continue to seek natural resources and territory • It’s expansion will lead to a direct conflict with the US pre WWII

6. Southeast Asia and the Pacific • Europeans Colonize Southeast Asia • Dutch and British gain early control of region, but most maintain independence • Burma will battle Britain for territory. Burma will lose • British push through Malaya and control Hong Kong • France controls Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia (French Indochina) • By 1890, most of SE Asia controlled by European powers • Siam Survives (present day Thailand) • King did not underestimate European powers • He accepted unequal treaties and moved to reform/modernize government and economy • Imperial Powers in the Pacific • American, British and French took interest in whaling/seals • US secured unequal treaties with Samoa, Hawaii • The US and the Philippines • US gained control of Philippines by defeating Spain (with help of rebel Filipinos) • US refused independence for Philippines. Philippine Nationalists fought for independence • 100,000’s Filipinos died in uprisings • US won, moved to modernize. Promised to give self-rule in the future • Looking Ahead • British, American, French and Germany claimed most every island in the Pacific. Japan also tried to expand during this era (sets up run in with US in future)

7. Self-Rule for Canada, Australia and New Zealand • Canada Achieves Self Rule (French then British control) • 2 Canadas (Upper Canada – English and Lower Canada – French) • Peoples in both Canadas believed the British ignored their needs • Britain learned from American revolt and looked into the concerns of the people of both Canadas • 1840 – Britain passed the Act of Union – big step towards self-government • Canada expanded west – 4 provinces created as a self-governing nation • By 1914 – immigration enriched Canada – US powerful influence becomes a concern

8. Self-Rule for Canada, Australia and New Zealand • Europeans in Australia • Britain will claim in 1770 • Aborigines are native people, suffered under British control • Penal Colony: Britain used as place to sent convicts • Free peoples encouraged to immigrate and tame the outback • Killed or removed Aborigines • Sheep & Gold become huge profits for British • 1901 – Britain helped colonies unite at Australia (modeled after US and Britain) • Close ties remain between Australia and Britain • New Zealand • British claim in 1769 – Missionaries come to convert Maori • Maori more concentrated, determined to defend their lands • By 1870’s resistance crumbled – Maori population will plummet • 1907 – NZ independence granted, close ties remain • 1st nation to grant women suffrage, old age pensions, minimum wage

9. Book Review • Read Section 3 p. 351-355 • P.355 Do questions # 3-5

10. Review/Preview • Section One: p. 347 #3,4,5 • ? Why did Japan become an imperializing nation instead of being imperialized? • Section Two: • Create a Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting Canada and Australia from section 2 • Preview: • P. 351 “Concept Web” • Read through Section 3 • Use the information to create a “concept web” about Latin America

12. Economic Imperialism in Latin America • Lingering Political Problems • Simon Bolivar had hope to create strong ties between Latin American countries • Strong nationalism, geography and feuds among leaders shattered that dream • The influence of the Roman Catholic church dominated development, poor people rarely got any benefit out of political or economic development • Racial discrimination, land/wealth in the hands of a few • Regionalism, loyalty to a local area • Local strongmen raised private armies to resist central government • The Economics of Dependence • When underdeveloped countries export their raw materials for capital/$$$ • This creates a dependence upon the supplying country • In the 1800’s, foreign goods flooded Latin American countries. Great profits went out of the country to the supplying country • A few nations developed industries that brought wealth to their country • Argentina –livestock, wheat * Chile – copper and nitrates * Brazil – coffee, rubber, sugar • Venezuela & Mexico - oil • The poor did not earn enough to buy many goods. The money went to the wealthy

13. Economic Imperialism in Latin America • Mexico’s Struggle for Stability • Land owners, military leaders and the Catholic Church dominate politics • Santa Anna – War with the US over Texas ( a territory of Mexico) • Treaty ending war cost Mexico ½ of its territory • Struggle for power after war shook Mexican powerful • LaReforma offered hope to oppressed; Juarez elected president • Reforms expanded; his opponents asked Europe for help • France (Napoleon) sent troops and set up Maximilian (austrian) as emperor • After years of war, Juarez dies. He united Mexico and brought many reforms • Diaz ruled as dictator. Strengthened central government, army, police • The rich prospered under harsh rule,

14. Economic Imperialism in Latin America • The Influence of the United States • Monroe Doctrine: Policy that stated that Latin America was off limits to European colonization. This would be key to US policy in Latin America from then on. As a result of the Mexican American War, the US gained much territory (TX, NM, AZ, NV, CA). As a result of the Spanish-American War, the US gained even more territory (PR, Cuban, Philippines, Guam) • Intervention: US economic interests in Latin America brought US military intervention. With the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, the US claimed (international police power). The US will send in troops to intervene in many Latin American countries • Panama Canal: US wanted to connect east and west for military and economic reasons. Worked with rebels in Panama to trick Colombia out of rights to build. Canal was an example of what the US could accomplish to the world, but the Latin America, it was another example of “Yankee Imperialism”

15. Book Review • Read Section Four p.356-360 • P. 360 do questions # 3-5

16. Maps – Africa– p.724 Required Extra Congo Burundi Egypt Central African Republic Ethiopia Liberia Kenya Mali Libya Namibia Madagascar Swaziland Rwanda Uganda South Africa Zimbabwe Somalia Sudan

17. Impact of Imperialism • New Economic Patterns: The age of imperialism brought confrontations between different cultures. A global economy emerged, dominated by the US, Britain, France and Germany. Capital and machinery flowed into underdeveloped nations and raw materials came out of those nations. Most of the profits went to western nations • Money Economy: Money replaced barter as primary exchange. Taxes were raised on local populations to cover costs of governing. As men followed jobs (migrant work), families were disrupted • Economic Dependency: Cheap, factory made products disrupted local economics. Self-sufficient local economies were ruined. Most goods produced were sent out of the region. Famine, ruin followed. • Modernization: Colonial rule did bring some good to the regions. New technology, modern banking, communications and transportation came to these regions. The business class benefitted greatly by imperialization.

18. Impact of Imperialism • Cultural Impact: • Westernization: Wanted to “modernize” or “civilize” native people. This meant government, technology and culture. There was strong opposition in some areas to westernization • Schools and Hospitals: Missionaries built hospitals and schools. This brought literacy and better healthcare (vaccines, hygiene). This often undermined the local leader or healer • Religion: Missionaries came in to spread Christianity to the “heathens.” Especially effective in Latin America and Africa. In areas were Islam, Hinduism, Confucianism and Buddhism, they resisted. • Old and New Ways: Many old ways reevaluated (foot binding in China). Many tried to balance new ways with the traditions they held dear • Impact on Western Culture: Imports from the 3rd world, brought changes to the Western world (coffee, tea, tobacco) • New Political Tensions: Tensions between western nations as they competed for lands. Tensions between colonial nation and local nation.

19. Book Review • Read Section 5 (p. 361-365) • Do questions # 2-5

20. Chapter Essays Explain how IMPERIALISM affected cultures in the imperialized countries. Give 2 examples What were the ADVANTAGES and DISADVANTAGES brought by colonial rule? Do you think subject people were better or worse off as a result of Imperialism? Explain

21. Ch 13 “Need to Knows” • Japan • Discontent & Opening of Japanese society • Reforms of the Meiji • SE Asia & the Pacific • Impact of Colonization on SE Asia • Siam & how it remained independent • Imperialism and the Pacific Islands • Canada, Australia, & New Zealand • How each achieved independence • How the native peoples were treated • Latin America • Bolivar – reforms he was trying to achieve • Political and Economic problems faced by Latin/South American countries • Mexico’s struggle for stability • The US’s influence in Latin America • Impact of Imperialism • How Imperialism led to new economic patterns • Cultural impact of imperialism • Political Tensions that resulted because of New Imperialism