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Respiratory System Gas Transport by the Blood Xinping Yue xyue@lsuhsc

Respiratory System Gas Transport by the Blood Xinping Yue xyue@lsuhsc.edu Department of Physiology LSUHSC-NO. At Standard Barometric Pressure. O 2 = 40 torr CO 2 = 45 torr. O 2 = 100 torr CO 2 = 40 torr. Gas Transport. O 2 = 150 torr CO 2 = 0 torr.

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Respiratory System Gas Transport by the Blood Xinping Yue xyue@lsuhsc

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  1. Respiratory System Gas Transport by the Blood Xinping Yue xyue@lsuhsc.edu Department of Physiology LSUHSC-NO

  2. At Standard Barometric Pressure

  3. O2 = 40 torr CO2 = 45 torr O2 = 100 torr CO2 = 40 torr Gas Transport O2 = 150 torr CO2 = 0 torr O2 = 100 torr CO2 = 40 torr

  4. Transport of O2 by the blood • Physically dissolved • At 37°C, 1 ml of plasma contains 0.00003 ml O2/mm Hg PO2 • Normal arterial blood contains 0.3 ml O2/100 ml • Chemically combined to hemoglobin • 1 gram of hemoglobin can combine with 1.34 ml of O2 when fully saturated • A person with 15 g Hb/100 ml of blood can carry 20.1 ml O2/100 ml blood O2 bound to Hb % Hb saturation = x 100% O2 capacity of Hb

  5. Hemoglobin, human, adult (heterotetramer, (αβ)2) Heme b group The protein's α and β subunits are in red and blue, and the iron-containing hemegroups in green

  6. Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve

  7. Bohr effect

  8. Pco2 ,  pH temp,  BPG 100 80  Pco2 ,  pH  temp,  BPG 60 Hemoglobin saturation, % 50% 40 20 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 P50 Partial pressure of oxygen, mm Hg

  9. Cyanosis • Occurs when more than 5 grams of hemoglobin/100 ml of arterial blood are in the “deoxy” state • Absence of cyanosis does not rule out hypoxemia (anemia) • Presence of cyanosis does not always indicate hypoxemia (polycythemia)

  10. Transport of CO2 by the blood • Physically dissolved (5-10%) • At 37°C, 1 ml of plasma contains 0.0006 ml CO2/mm Hg PCO2 • Normal arterial blood contains 2.4 ml CO2/100 ml • Carbamino compounds (5-10%) • Bicarbonate (80-90%) CO2 (Gas phase) Carbonic Anhydrase - CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3 (Dissolved in the aqueous phase)

  11. H COO- H H R - N + CO2 R - N + H+ Terminal amine group Carbamino compound Carbamino Compound

  12. Carbon Dioxide Dissociation Curve Haldane effect

  13. Pvo2 Cvo2 A Classification of the Causes of Hypoxia Increased FIo2 helpful? PAo2 Pao2 Cao2 Classification Hypoxic hypoxia Low alveolar Po2 Diffusion impairment Right to left shunts V/Q mismatch Anemic hypoxia CO poisoning Hypoperfusion hypoxia Histotoxic hypoxia Low Norm Norm Norm Norm Norm Norm Norm Low Low Low Low Norm Norm Norm Norm Low Low Low Low Low Low Norm Norm Low Low Low Low Low Low Low High Low Low Low Low Low Low Low High Yes Yes No Yes No Possibly No No

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