Skeletal System

1. Skeletal System Dr. NicholsCoronado HS

2. Foot phalangies metatarsals tarsals tarsals metatarsals phalangies

5. Bone cells that aid in remodeling Osteoblast Builds new bone Mature bone cell Osteocyte Osteoclast Eats bone

6. 29 40 84 92 Osteoporosis

7. Fetal Skull

8. suture pubis symphisis Fibrous Joints Immovable Joints (synarthrosis)

9. Cartilagenous Joints Slightly Movable Joint (ampharthrosis)

10. pelvis ligaments femur Synovial Joints (diarthrosis)- freely moveable

11. joint capsule pelvis hyaline cartilage synovial cavity femur Synovial Joints

12. Knee Joint

13. Synovial Joint Movement Extension Rotation Flexion Adduction Abduction

14. Fetal Skeleton 275 bones12 weeks (6-9 inches long)

15. Fetal Skull

16. Fetus: 1st 2 months Endochondral Ossification 2o ossification center bone cartilage calcified cartilage Just before birth epiphyseal line epiphyseal plate Childhood Adult

17. Bone cells that aid in remodeling Builds new bone Osteoblast Mature bone cell Osteocyte Osteoclast Eats bone

18. Bone Repair: • Electrical stimulation of the fracture site: • Increases speed and completeness of healing • The e- stimulation inhibits PTH and slow osteoclasts down from reabsorbing bone 2. Ultrasound treatment: • Daily treatments reduce healing time of broken bones by 25-35% 3. Free vascular fibular graft technique: • Transplant fibula in arm • Gives good blood supply not available in other treatments 4. Bone substitutes: • Crushed bone from cadaver- but risk of HIV and hepatitis • Sea bone- coral • Artificial bone- ceramic

20. Repair of Fractures hematoma callus bony callus bone remodeling

21. 29 40 84 92 Osteoporosis

22. Diseases of the Skeletal System: Rickets- vitamin D deficiency Osteomalacia- soft bones, inadequate mineralization in bones, lack of vitamin D Pagets Disease- spotty weakening in the bones, excessive and abnormal bone remodeling Rheumatoid arthritis- autoimmune reaction

24. Types of Bones • Long Bones- metacarples, metatarsals, phelangies, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula • Short Bones- carpals, tarsals • Flat Bones- rib, scapula, skull, sternum • Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial bones • Sesamoid- patella

25. Bone Classification

26. Anatomy of a Long Bone spongy bone Proximal epiphysis compact bone Endosteum diaphysis epiphyseal line yellow marrow Sharpey’s fibers Distal epiphysis periosteum hyaline cartilage

27. Axial Skeleton

28. Appendicular Skeleton

29. Axial Skeleton

30. Axial Skeleton

31. Axial Skeleton Posterior View

32. Sinal Cavities Frontal Sinus Ethmoid Sinus Sphenoid Sinus Maxillary Sinus • Warm and moisten air • Lighten the skull • Enhance voice resonance

33. Axial Skeleton The Vertebral Column Cervical Vertebrae(7) Thoracic Vertebrae(12) Lumbar Vertberae(5) Sacrum Coccyx

34. Cervical Vertebrae

37. Axial Skeleton The Thoracic Cage Sternum True Ribs(7) False Ribs(3) Floating Ribs(2)

38. Axial Skeleton Sacrum & Coccyx

39. Appendicular Skeleton Bones of the Pectoral Girdle

40. Appendicular Skeleton Humerus Ulna Radius 8 Carpals 5 Metacarpals 14 Phalanges

41. Humorus

42. Ulna & Radius

43. Hand Bones

44. Appendicular Skeleton Pelvis

45. Appendicular Skeleton Pelvis (lateral view) Ilium Acetabulum Obturator foramen Pubis Ischium Ischium

46. Male vs Female Pelvis Female Pelvic Girdle Male Pelvic Girdle

48. Appendicular Skeleton The Lower Limb (Legs) Femur Patella Tibia Fibula 7 Tarsals 5 Metatarsals 14 Phalanges

49. Femur

50. Patella