How does the core message of Islam compare with that of Christianity?

1. PLEASE PLACE YOUR ANSWERS ON THE BOARD! PICK UP CLICKERS! How does the core message of Islam compare with that of Christianity?

2. 1. Before the birth of Islam, the Arabian peninsula was all accept • a. was occupied by nomadic Bedouins. • b. contained areas with village-based agriculture. • c. was on an important trade route between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. • d. was a strong kingdom that dominated its neighbors.

3. 2. The name "Muslim" literally means one who: • a. worships Muhammad. • b. has made the pilgrimage to Mecca. • c. obeys the teaching of Muhammad. • d. submits to God.

4. 3. Which, if any, of these ideas was not taught by Muhammad's religion? • a. Men may have four wives.. • b. Moses was a prophet of God. • c. Jesus was the Son of God. • d. After death people go to either Hell or Paradise.

5. 4. Which, if any, of these ideas was not taught by Muhammad's religion? • a. Men may have four wives.. • b. Moses was a prophet of God. • c. Jesus was the Son of God. • d. After death people go to either Hell or Paradise.

6. 5. Which, if any, of the following are among the five Pillars of Islam? • a. Sharia: Islamic law • b. Hajj: pilgrimage • c. Jesus was the Son of God. • d. Caliph: successor of Muhammad

7. Islam Outcomes: The Rise of Islam & Beliefs of Islam

9. Aim: How does Islam influence the life of its believers? Do Now: Matching

10. The Arabian Peninsula

11. The Rise of Islam • Setting the Stage: The Arabian Peninsula • Connection to 3 Continents • Africa, Asia, and Europe • Mostly desert with few oases for little agriculture • Desert inhabited by nomadic Arab herders

12. The Rise of Islam • Bedouins: Arab nomads organized into tribes and clans • Had ideals of courage & loyalty to the family • Possessed warrior skills • Would become part of Islamic way of life

13. The Rise of Islam • Mecca: City in Western Arabia (Modern day Saudi Arabia) • Ka’aba: ancient shrine people came to worship at • Black stone- built by Abraham and son Ishmael • Contained 360 idols worshipped by many tribes

14. The Ka’aba

15. Ka’aba- An ancient black, stone cube structure that was built by prophet Abraham as a house of worship in Mecca

16. 5 FEB AGENDA • PLACE YOUR ANSWERS ON THE BOARD TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: • 2. In what ways was the rise of Islam revolutionary, both in theory and in practice? • 3. Why were Arabs able to construct such a huge empire so quickly? • PICKUP CLICKERS FOR READING QUIZ!

17. Reason One: Muhammad’s Ability to Breed Rage in His Followers • The apostle said, "Kill any Jew that falls into your power." Thereupon Muhayyisa bin Mas’ud leapt upon Ibn Sunayna, a Jewish merchant with whom they had social and business relations, and killed him. Huwayyisa was not a Muslim at the time though he was the elder brother. When Muhayyisa killed him Huwayyisa began to beat him, saying, "You enemy of God, did you kill him when much of the fat on your belly comes from his wealth?" Muhayyisa answered, "Had the one who ordered me to kill him ordered me to kill you I would have cut your head off." He said that this was the beginning of Huwayyisa’s acceptance of Islam. The other replied, "By God, if Muhammad had ordered you to kill me would you have killed me?" He said, "Yes, by God, had he ordered me to cut off your head I would have done so." He exclaimed, "By God, a religion which can bring you to this is marvelous!" And he became a Muslim.[2]

18. Reason Two: baffle them with facts! • When Abdullah bin Salama heard of the arrival of the Prophet (the blessing and peace of Allah be upon him) at Madina, he came to him and said: "I am asking you about three things which nobody knows but a prophet: What is the first portent of the Hour? What will be the first meal taken by the people of Paradise? Why does a child resemble its father, and why does it resemble its maternal uncle?" Allah’s Apostle (the blessing and peace of Allah be upon him) said: "Gabriel has just now told me of their answers." . . . "The first portent of the Hour will be a fire that will bring together the people from the east to the west; the first meal of the people of Paradise will be extra-lobe of fish-liver. As for the resemblance of the child to its parents: If a man has sexual intercourse with his wife and gets discharge first, the child will resemble the father, and if the woman gets discharge first, the child will resemble her." On that Abdullah bin Salam said: "I testify that you are the Apostle of Allah."[3]

19. Reason Three: Boundless Greed • [Muhammad said]: "The example of a Struggle in Allah’s Cause—and Allah knows better who really strives in His Cause—is like a person who fasts and prays continuously. Allah guarantees that He will admit the Struggler in His cause into Paradise if he is killed, otherwise He will return him to his home safely with rewards and war booty."[4] • [Muhammad] said: "Khosrau will be ruined, and there will be no Khosrau after him, and Caesar will surely be ruined and there will be no Caesar after him, and you will spend their treasures in Allah’s Cause."[5] • If a 7th century pagan Arab rejected Islam, he was guaranteed nothing. He may be poor all his life, and he wouldn’t know what would happen to him when he died. But Muhammad guaranteed that if a person dies fighting Islam’s enemies, he will enter Paradise, and that even if he survives, he will return home "safely with rewards and war souvenirs." Either way, pagans were much better off (financially) if they became Muslims.

20. Reason Four: Fear of Death • For instance, Muslim writings report a large number of conversions that took place after the assassination of a woman who had criticized Islam: • When the apostle heard what she had said he said, "Who will rid me of Marwan’s daughter?" Umayr bin Adiy al-Khatmi who was with him heard him, and that very night he went to her house and killed her. In the morning he came to the apostle and told him what he had done and he said, "You have helped God and His apostle, O Umayr!" When he asked if he would have to bear any evil consequences the apostle said, "Two goats won’t butt their heads about her," so Umayr went back to his people. . . . The day after Bint Marwan was killed the men of B. Khatma became Muslims because they saw the power of Islam.[9]

21. POLYGAMY IN ISLAM • One of the most important questions that we must first answer is this: Does Islam encourage polygamy? The answer is no. Islam merely allows it, but does not encourage it. In fact, Islam discourages from polygamy, because it teaches that a man who is married to more than one woman must achieve a perfect balance between his wives financially and in terms of his time. The Quran explicitly instructs Muslim men that if they are afraid they will not be able to be just between their wives, then they are to marry only one woman. This justice is only achieved if the man is able to provide the same amount of time to each of his wives, and the same material lifestyle. For example, they must live in similar accommodations, have a similar amount of financial support, and the same level of material possessions. Islam prohibits polygamy if a man is not able to achieve this, or if he even fears that he will not be able to achieve this.

22. POLYGAMY IN ISLAM • But the question remains, even after these restrictions and conditions, why does Islam allow men to marry more than one woman? The fact is that Islam recognizes the reality of the human existence. Islam does not ask people to do something that they are not able to do. This is one of the basic principles of Islam, because it is a religion that is to be fully implemented in a Muslim's life. It is a complete way of life that covers every aspect of the life of the Muslim, and it is suitable for every person, living in every place and in every generation and period of time. • http://www.questionsaboutislam.com/women-in-islam/why-islam-allows-polygamy.php

23. The Rise of Islam • Muhammad • Orphaned at age 6 and raised by grandfather and uncle • At age 25 Muhammad became a businessman and trader • Married Khadijah, a businesswoman • Life changes: While meditating in a cave, he is visited by angel Gabriel who proclaims to Muhammad to preach message that there is only one true god • Began to preach and spread Islam • Not seen as divine (having extra power)

24. The Rise of Islam • Islam: Submission to will of Allah (god) • Muslim: One who has submitted

25. The Arabian Peninsula

26. The Rise of Islam • Hijrah & Return to Mecca • in 622 AD, Mohammad and followers leave Mecca for Medina and continue to spread Islam known as the Hijrah • Becomes “year 1” for Muslims • First mosque established for Islam • 630 AD, Muhammad returns to Mecca and destroys the idols in the Ka’aba • Ka’aba becomes the most sacred site in Islam • Muhammad dies 2 years later at age of 62

27. Great Mosque in Mecca

28. *NOTES* FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM WHAT IS A PILLAR??? IMPORTANT BELIEFS & VALUES 1. There is no god but ALLAH who spoke through the prophet Mohammed 5. Visit Mecca at least one in your lifetime 4. Fast during the holy month of Ramadan 2. Pray five times a day 3. Give to the poor (HAJJ) MUSLIMS DO NOT GAMBLE, DRINK ALCOHOL OR EAT PORK

29. Beliefs of Islam • Five Pillars • Faith: There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah • Prayer: Pray 5 times a day towards Mecca • Alms: Give alms (money for the poor) • Fasting: During holy month of Ramadan, Muslims fast between dawn and sunset • Pilgrimage: Must visit Mecca at one point in lifetime if capable. Known as the Hajj.

30. Beliefs of Islam • The Qur’an • Allah is the source of authority • Written in Arabic, only true version

31. Beliefs of Islam • Links to Judaism and Christianity • To Muslims, Allah is the same god that is worshipped in Christianity and Judaism • Muslims view Jesus as a prophet, not the Son of God • Qur’an is the word of Allah as revealed to Muhammad in the same way that Jews and Christians believe the Torah and the Gospels were revealed to Moses and the New Testament writers. • All three religions believe in heaven and hell and day of judgment • Muslims, Christians, and Jews trace ancestry back to Abraham • All three are “people of the book” due to their use of a holy book

33. SHIA

34. Shiite and Sunni: What are the differences? • Both sects are Muslim. They believe the Koran is the direct word of God, passed down to the prophet Muhammad in a series of revelations before his death. They pray in the direction ofMecca, and share the same dietary and general social restrictions.

35. Shiite and Sunni: What are the differences? • Their schism lies in disputes over who would succeed Muhammad as leader of the faithful after his death in 632. The Shiites thought the prophet’s son-in-law and cousin should lead as caliph, particularly given his blood relationship to Muhammad. Their opponents, the Sunnis, thought Abu Bakr, one of Mohammad’s first converts, should be their leader.

36. Shiite and Sunni: What are the differences? • The Shiites lost a series of wars for power in the early years of Islam and today are the clear minority in global Islam, making up about 15 percent of adherents. They are in the majority in IraqandIran.

37. 1. All of the following statements would be made by a traditional Muslim believer about Jesus Christ ACCEPT: • a.He was the son of God. • b. He was a prophet from God. • c. He did not have a real human father. • d. He will return to earth at some time in the future.

38. 2. Orthodox Islamic teachings forbids Muslims to do ALL ACCEPT: • a. drink alcoholic beverages. • b. eat pork. • c. charge interest on loans. • d. divorce a faithful wife

39. 3. The Muslim calendar sets the year numbered One at the • a.death of Muhammad. • b. event called the Hijrah. • c. Muhammad's departure from Mecca. • d. birth of Muhammad.

40. 4. Within 100 years of Muhammad's death Muslims controlled the areas ACCEPT: • a. Iran. • b. France. • c. Spain. • d. Israel.

41. 5. In the event that Muslims call the Hijrah • a. the angel Gabriel spoke for the first time to Muhammed. • b.Muhammed fled from persecution in Mecca. • c. the black stone fell from Allah to earth. • d. the Muslim calendar ends.

42. 6. Which, if any, of these things were Christians living in the Muslim empires in the 700s and 800s permitted to do? • a. Worship in their own churches • b.Talk against the Muslim faith • c. Marry Muslim women. • d. Serve in the army.

43. 7. Within Islam, the Shiites are distinguished from the Sunnites in that the Shiites • a. are more orthodox than the Sunnites. • b. have a recognized clergy. • c. teach that any believer could become the caliph. • d. honor Caliph Ali and his descendants.

44. 8. Which, if any, of the following statements correctly describe the form of Islam that was known as Shia (or the Shiite faction)? • a. It treated Muhammad as a deity, in distinction from Sunni Islam. • b. It was the principal form of Islam that was embraced in Russia. • c. It claimed that the only true caliph was a descendant of Muhammad through his daughter. • d. It was a mystical and salvationistic alternative to the ascetic demands of Sunnism.

45. 9. Which, if any, of the following were among the four "rightly guided" caliphs who led the Islamic community after Muhammad's death? • a. Abu Bakr • b.Muawiyah • c. Ali • d. Abu al-Abbas

46. 10. The capital of the Abbasid empire was established • a. at Baghdad. • b. on the bank of the Nile river. • c. by Greece • d. in present-day Iran.