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Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use

Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use. Topic 3.1- Population Dynamics. Current Human Population. There are about 7 billion people living on Earth For about 200,000 years, there were between 1-15 million people on Earth. Milestones. 1 Billion: 1804 2 Billion: 1927

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Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use

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  1. Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use Topic 3.1- Population Dynamics

  2. Current Human Population • There are about 7 billion people living on Earth • For about 200,000 years, there were between 1-15 million people on Earth

  3. Milestones • 1 Billion: 1804 • 2 Billion: 1927 • 3 Billion: 1960 • 4 Billion: 1974 • 5 Billion: 1987 • 6 Billion: 1999 • 7 Billion: 2012

  4. Demographics • If you reduce the worlds population to a village of 100 people, how many would: • Be Male • Be White • Be Christian • Live in substandard housing • Be able to read • Be malnourished • Be without access to safe water • Have internet access • Have a college education • Have HIV • Be US citizens • Control 1/3 of the wealth

  5. Predicted Growth • Some predict a stabilization of human population, while others predict a continued increase

  6. Calculating Rates • Crude Birth Rate (CBR) • The number of live births per 1000 people • Equation:

  7. Calculating Rates • Crude Death Rate (CDR) • The number of deaths per 1000 people • Equation: • Natural Increase Rate (NIR) • CBR-CDR

  8. Calculating Rates • Fertility • The average number of births per women of child-bearing age • Equation:

  9. Calculating Rates • Doubling Time • The amount of time it takes for a population to double • Equation:

  10. Population Pyramids

  11. Population Pyramids

  12. Population Pyramids

  13. Population Pyramids

  14. Demographic Transition Model

  15. Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use Topic 3.2- Resources – Natural Capital

  16. Natural Capital • Natural resources/natural assets • Can become natural income • Goods or services

  17. Resources • Non-renewable • Cannot be replenished at the same rate they are used • Renewable • Can be replenished at the rate they are used via human processes • Replenishable • Non-living resources that can be replenished via natural processes

  18. Nature of a Resource • The value of a resource changes with human technology/culture

  19. Sustainability • Using resources at a rate that allows natural regeneration • Living within the means of nature • Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

  20. Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use Topic 3.3 – Energy Resources

  21. Making Energy • Electricity is delivered to homes and businesses via alternating current (AC) • AC power is generated when electromagnets are spun using a turbine

  22. Energy Sources Worldwide • 90% of the worlds energy comes from fossil fuels.

  23. Fossil Fuels

  24. Nuclear Power

  25. Wind Power

  26. Hydropower

  27. Solar Power

  28. Geothermal Power

  29. Biofuels

  30. Oil Palms

  31. Future Solutions • Hydrogen • Nuclear Fusion • Carbon Sequestration

  32. Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use Topic 3.4 – Soil Systems

  33. Soil • Soil is eroded rock, nutrients, decaying organic matter, and water

  34. Soil Formation • Soil is produced by: • Weathering of rock • Deposition of sediments by erosion • Decomposition of organic matter in dead organisms

  35. Soil Horizons • Soils generally have distinct horizons: • A horizon • Humus (decaying organic matter with mineral particles) • E horizon • Not always present, pale layer where minerals have been leached • B horizon • Organic matter and mineral deposits • C horizon • Weathered rock/bedrock

  36. Soil Texture • Soil type depends on the particle size • Sand = Biggest • Silt = Medium • Clay = Smallest

  37. Soil Texture

  38. Soil Types

  39. Nutrients • Macronutrients • Nitrogen (needed for chlorophyll) • Phosphorous (needed for photosynthesis) • Potassium (needed for fruiting and growth) • Calcium • Magnesium • Sulfur

  40. nutrients • Micronutrients • Boron • Copper • Chloride • Iron • Manganese • Zinc

  41. Nitrogen cycle Atmospheric Nitrogen has to be ‘fixed’ (usually by bacteria) for plants to use it.

  42. Soil Degradation Water erosion Wind erosion Acidification Groundwater use Pollution Desertification Climate change Overgrazing Deforestation Roads

  43. Soil Degradation

  44. Soil Degradation

  45. Soil conservation Mechanical/physical barriers Organic farming Afforestation Contour plowing Terracing Crop rotation Soil conditioners

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