Campus Climate, Effective Practices, and Student Outcomes in Diverse Learning Environments

1. Campus Climate, Effective Practices, and Student Outcomes in Diverse Learning Environments Sylvia Hurtado Marcela Cuellar Cynthia Lua Alvarez AAC&U Meeting October 22, 2010 Houston, TX

2. Overview Purposes, goals, & Key Features of Project Developing the DLE Conceptual Framework A New Assessment: Diverse Learning Environments Survey DLE Survey Pilot Findings

3. Purpose, Goals, & Key Features of the DLE Project

4. Purpose & Goals • Purpose: • Assist educators in advancing the success of diverse students • Goals: • Develop a greater awareness about diversity, student learning, and student success • Assess undergraduate skills for work and citizenship in a pluralistic democracy • Increase retention rates and improve the assessment of retention • Create the conditions for realizing the benefits of diversity in the learning process

5. Key Features of the Project • Research: • Diverse Learning Environments Survey • Campus Case Studies of 7 Institutions • National Retention Study (Clearinghouse) • Practice: • Institute for the Critical Analysis of Quantitative Data • Diversity Research Institute

6. Developing the Diverse Learning Environments Conceptual Framework

7. Student Success Outcomes Habits of Mind/Skills for Lifelong Learning Competencies for a Multicultural World Achievement and Retention

8. Foundational Frameworks • Institutional Adaptation to Student Diversity • Richardson & Skinner (1990) • Campus Climate for Diversity • Hurtado, Milem, Clayton-Pedersen & Allen (1998, 1999) • Milem, Chang & Antonio (2005) • Student/Institution Engagement Model • Nora, Barlow & Crisp (2005) • Dynamics of Multicultural Teaching & Learning • Marchesani & Adams (1992) adaptation of Jackson (1988)

10. A New Assessment: Diverse Learning Environments Survey

11. Unveiling the DLE Survey Nationally available CIRP survey Integrated assessment of climate, diversity practice, and outcomes Inclusive of diverse social identities Modules targeting specific topics Longitudinal when linked with other student data (e.g. registrar data)

12. DLE Survey Compnents • Core Survey • Modules • Classroom Climate • Transition into the Major • Intergroup Relations • Community College Students’ Transfer Pathway • Transition Experiences for Transfer Students at 4-year Institutions

13. DLE Survey Pilot Findings

14. Pilot Sample Info DLE Pilot data from 14 institutions Academic Year 2009 -10 N = 5,010 68.3% Female 58.4% Students of Color 33.6% Age 25+ 39.7% Currently at 2-yr

15. Factor Analysis • Instrument Coded for Conceptual Themes in Literature • Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) in SPSS • Principal Axis Factoring • Varimax Rotation • Items removed if loading below .35 • Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in EQS • With Uncorrelated Errors (Factor Loadings 1st Column) • With Correlated Errors (Factor Loadings 2nd Column) • Factors Rescaled to 0 – 100 with a mean of 50

16. Climate Harassment Discrimination & Bias Positive Cross-Racial Interactions Negative Cross-Racial Interactions Satisfaction with Diverse Perspectives on Campus Institutional Commitment to Diversity Student Financial Difficulty Academic Validation in the Classroom General Interpersonal Validation Sense of Belonging

17. Discrimination and Bias (α = 0.889) Please indicate how often at this institution you have: Please indicate how often you have experienced the following forms of bias/harassment/discrimination while at this institution:

18. Academic Validation in the Classroom (α = .863) Please indicate how often you have experienced the following inclass at this institution:

19. Practices Curriculum of Inclusion Co-Curricular Diversity Activities (Campus-Facilitated)

20. Curriculum of Inclusion (α = 0.854) How many courses have you taken at this institution that included the following?

21. Co-curricular Diversity Activities (Campus Facilitated)(α = 0.903) Since entering this institution have you: Since entering this institution, how often have you done the following?

22. Outcomes Integration of Learning Pluralistic Orientation Social Action Engagement Civic Action

23. Pluralistic Orientation (α = 0.787) Rate yourself on each of the following traits as compared with the average person your age. We want the most accurate estimate of how you see yourself.

24. Analysis • Frequencies of Select Items & Factors • Cross-tabulations of Factors by Racial/Ethnic Groups • Multiple Regression on Select Factors • Enrollment Mobility Frequencies & Cross-tabulations

25. Frequencies Student Satisfaction with Climate General Interpersonal Validation Reporting Discrimination Harassment Based on Different Social Identities

26. Student Satisfaction with Climate Indicators Percentages

27. General Interpersonal Validation Percentages

28. Reporting Discrimination Please indicate how often at this institution you have: Reported an incident of discrimination to a campus authority

29. Harassment based on Different Social Identities

30. Cross-Tabulations by Racial/Ethnic Groups Discrimination & Bias Positive Cross Racial Interactions Negative Cross Racial Interactions

31. Discrimination & Bias by Racial/Ethnic Groups χ² = 126.244 p < .001

32. Positive Cross Racial Interactionsby Racial/Ethnic Groups χ² = 106.723 p < .001

33. Negative Cross Racial Interactionsby Racial/Ethnic Groups χ² = 209.258 p < .001

34. Multiple Regressions General Interpersonal Validation Academic Validation in the Classroom Pluralistic Orientation

35. Predictors of General Interpersonal Validation Informal • Visiting Office Hours • Discrimination and Bias (-) • High level of peer encouragement Campus – Facilitated • Faculty • Staff • Academic Counselors (-) • Curriculum of Inclusion • Institutional Commitment to Diversity • Co-curricular Diversity Activities

36. Predictors ofAcademic Validation in the Classroom Informal • Visiting Office Hours • Discrimination and Bias (-) • High level of peer encouragement Campus – Facilitated • Faculty • Curriculum of Inclusion • Institutional Commitment to Diversity

37. Predictors ofPluralistic Orientation Informal • Positive Cross Racial Interactions • Interest in helping to promote racial understanding Campus – Facilitated • Institutional Commitment to Diversity • Conversations Across Differences

38. CIRP DLE Launch • Registration • Opened Oct. 20, 2010 • Standard CIRP Fees: $775 admin, $3/ returned survey • PDF preview of core and modules online • www.cirpsurveys.org • Administration • February 12 – June 30, 2011 • Online only • Contact • www.heri.ucla.edu • HERI: 310-825-1925

39. Conclusion Suggestions? Comments?