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Concept 1

Concept 1. Transportation Modes: An Overview. Modal Competition. Market Area. Infrastructure / Route. Mode. B. B. B. B. B. 1. 2. 5. 4. 3. 6. A. A. A. A. A. Vehicle. Capacity. Equivalency. 1500 Tons 52,500 Bushels 453,600 Gallons. NA. Barge.

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Concept 1

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  1. Concept 1 Transportation Modes: An Overview

  2. Modal Competition Market Area Infrastructure / Route Mode B B B B B 1 2 5 4 3 6 A A A A A

  3. Vehicle Capacity Equivalency 1500 Tons 52,500 Bushels 453,600 Gallons NA Barge 22,500 Tons787,500 Bushels6,804,000 Gallons 1 15 barges on tow 100 Tons3,500 Bushels30,240 Gallons 225 Hopper car 10,000 Tons350,000 Bushels3,024,000 Gallons 2.25 100 car train unit 26 Tons910 Bushels7,865 Gallons 870 Semi-trailer truck Performance Comparison for Selected Freight Modes

  4. Concept 2 Land Transport

  5. Linearity, Capacity and Surface of Roads Hard Surface Wheeled vehicle Linear Road 2 domestic animals Capacity 1 or 2 domestic animals Curved Road 1 domestic animal Soft Surface 1 person Linearity

  6. The Interstate Highway System

  7. Geographical Settings of Rail Lines Transcontinental Lines Local / Regional Networks Penetration Lines Nation A Nation B

  8. Bypassing Effect of a High Speed Railway A B

  9. Concept 3 Maritime Transport

  10. Domains of Maritime Circulation Rhine / Ruhr / Danube Yangtze Chang Jiang Perl St. Lawrence / Great Lakes Mississippi Mekong Nile Amazon

  11. Types of Maritime Routes Port-to-Port Pendulum Round-the-World

  12. Evergreen Round-the-World Route, Westbound New York Tokyo Norfolk Pusan Charleston Osaka Los Angeles Hong Kong Hakata Laem Chabang Kaohsiung Colon Columbo Thamesport Hamburg Rotterdam Zeebrugge Le Havre

  13. Pendulum Route: OOCL Container Services on the North Atlantic, 2006 Atlantic Ocean Boston New York Norfolk Bremenhaven Savannah Felixstowe Jacksonville Houston Miami NAX-1 Rotterdam NAX-2 Le Havre

  14. Cabotage and Pendulum Service Country 1 A D B E Cabotage C F Country 2

  15. Maritime Enclaves and Accessibility Less than 700 km More than 700 km Maritime Enclave

  16. Maritime Shipping Characteristics

  17. Concept 4 Air Transport

  18. Air Freedom Rights First Second Third Home Country B Country A Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eight Ninth

  19. Airline Deregulation and Hub-and-Spoke Networks Before Deregulation After Deregulation Hub Hub

  20. Major Air Traffic Flows Between Regions, 2000 (% of IATA Scheduled Passengers) North America 3.9 Europe 23.2 1.7 35.5 1.7 1.9 15.9 1.8 1.3 1.5 Asia Central America Middle East 1.3 1.1 1.7 South America Africa Southwest Pacific 3.2 2.6

  21. Concept 5 Intermodal Transportation

  22. Intermodal Transport Chain Composition Interchange Connection Decomposition Local / Regional Distribution National / International Distribution Transport Terminal

  23. Piggyback and Doublestack Train Cars Piggyback (TOFC) 40’ (12.2 m) 9’ (2.7 m) 17’ (2.7 m) 85’ (25.9 m) Doublestack (COFC) 18’ (5.5 m) 65’ (19.8 m)

  24. Multimodal and Intermodal Transportation Multimodal Point-to-Point Network Intermodal Integrated Network C C A A B B Transshipment Rail Road D D Transshipment F F E E

  25. Distance, Modal Choice and Transport Costs C1 C2 Road C3 Transport costs per unit Rail Maritime D1 D2 Distance

  26. Multimodal Transport System Locality Distribution centers Region Nation Articulation points Terminals Flows Competition / Cooperation Modal Function Transshipment Handling Maritime / Land interface Intermodal Function

  27. Driving Forces of Containerization and Multimodal Transport Containerization Unitization Cellular ships Specialized terminals Land consumption Standardization Gantry cranes Transshipment productivity Multi-rate structure Management and coordination Mergers Modal integration Logistics Control over cargo Multimodal operators Through rates and billing Deregulation Multimodal Transportation

  28. Intermodal Transportation Cost Function C(T) Decomposition C(dc) Local / Regional Distribution Cost National / International Distribution Cost C(cn) Connection Costs C(I) Interchange Connection C(cn) C(cp) Composition Origin Transshipment Destination

  29. Impacts of River / Sea Shipping Origin Road / Rail Road / Rail Fluvial Port Fluvial Seaport Maritime River/sea Maritime Fluvial Road / Rail Road / Rail Destination B C A

  30. Five Generations of Containerships First Generation (1956-1970) Length Draft TEU 135 m 500 Converted Cargo Vessel < 9 m 200 m Converted Tanker 800 Second Generation (1970-1980) 1,000 – 2,500 10 m 215 m Cellular Containership Third Generation (1980-1988) 250 m 3,000 11-12 m Panamax Class 290 m 4,000 Fourth Generation (1988-2000) Post Panamax 275 – 305 m 4,000 – 5,000 11-13 m Fifth Generation (2000-?) Post Panamax Plus 5,000 – 8,000 335 m 13-14 m

  31. Pipeline System • Trend: Apply electric motors Provide an ideal system for freight transportation over a much longer distance at a relatively high efficiency and less environment pollution

  32. Trans-European Network • Develop efficient interfaces between different modes of transportation • Promotes the interoperability and interconnectivity of different modes (intermodality)

  33. Sustainable development: Environmental Economic Social Underground Freight Transportation (UFT) New means of transport UFT Could be achieved by: Definition: Network of underground pipelines along which packed goods can be transported in an efficient way. Traditional underground systems have existed for more than 200 years. Moving efficiently liquid freight and passengers.

  34. UFT: Artist Impression

  35. Underground Freight Transportation (UFT) • Provides a solution to congestion • Electrically driven, less pollution • Automated driverless operation, short intervals between trains, optimizing the use of infrastructure and high speed • Barriers: Financial and social acceptance

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