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prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

ROMANIAN NORMS IN LINE WITH EUROPEAN STANDARDS FOR VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING. prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009. CALCULATION METHODOLOGY OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR BUILDINGS Mc001/2005 COMPENDIUM FOR THE CALCULATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR BUILDINGS – 2009 guide

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prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

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  1. ROMANIAN NORMS IN LINE WITH EUROPEAN STANDARDS FOR VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

  2. CALCULATION METHODOLOGY OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR BUILDINGS Mc001/2005 COMPENDIUM FOR THE CALCULATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR BUILDINGS – 2009 guide DESIGN, EXECUTION AND MAINTENANCE ’S NORM  OF VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT I5/2009 prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

  3. CALCULATION METHODOLOGY OF • ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR BUILDINGS Mc001/2005 • 1st PART: THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BUILDING ENVELOPE • 2nd PART: ENERGY PERFORMANCE FOR DIFFERENT EQUIPMENT: • HEATING • VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING - EPBD standards • WARM TAP WATER PRODUCTION • LIGHTING • ALTERNATIVE METHODS - NP 047 regulation • 3rd PART: ENERGY AUDIT AND CERTIFICATION prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

  4. ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR BUILDINGS - Quality of one building to consume energy in order to meet the needs of the normal use of the building (mainly for: heating, hot water preparation, cooling, ventilation and lighting). THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF THE BUILDING is determined according to a specific calculation methodology and is expressed by one or more numeric indicators which are calculated by taking into account the thermal insulation characteristics, the technical characteristics of the building and its equipments, the operating conditions inside the building, the exterior climatic factors, the influence of the neighboring buildings, its own sources of energy production and other factors that influence the energy necessary. BUILDING - a set of spaces with well-defined functions, defined by structured elements that form the building envelope, including the related equipments and facilities, in which energy is used to provide thermal comfort indoors. prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

  5. II.2 ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING 2.1 Terminology, classification of the ventilation and air conditioning systems 2.2 Symbols and abbreviations 2.3 Calculation of internal temperatures during summer; checking the thermal comfort parameters; air conditioning opportunity 2.4 Calculation of energy requirements for cooling of buildings – monthly calculation method 2.5 Calculation of energy requirements for cooling of buildings – hourly calculation method 2.6 Air flows calculation for mechanical and natural ventilation 2.7 Calculation of energy consumption for the ventilation of buildings 2.8 Calculation of annual energy consumption for the centralized and decentralized air conditioning systems prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

  6. III.2. AIR CONDITIONING AND VENTILATION INSTALLATION (2009 compendium) III.2.1. General approach III.2.2. Evaluation of energy consumption for cooling, considering only the sensible heat; flow charts of the calculation procedures III.2.2.1. Calculation of energy need for cooling, the monthly method, considering only the sensible heat III.2.2.2. Annual energy need for cooling III.2.2.3. Electricity consumption ofair conditioning (cooling) systems III.2.3. Calculation of energy consumption for mechanical ventilation III.2.3.1 General content and scopeIII.2.3.2. Calculation of the thermal loads for air treatment III.2.3.3. Electricity consumption ofventilation systems III.2.4. Calculation of energy consumption for air conditioning installations considering the latent and sensible thermal load III.2.4.1 General content and scopeIII.2.4.2. Main input and output data of the calculation method III.2.4.3. Energy consumption for cooling and dehumidification III.2.4.4. Electricity consumption of auxiliary devices, Qaux III.2.4.5. Electricity consumption for humidification III.2.4.6. Electricity consumption of the refrigeration unit III.2.4.7. Total energy consumption of the air conditioning system III.2.5. Annual duration of the cooling season prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

  7. For evaluation from national standards • - climatic data - unpublished • thermal comfort evaluation criteria • operative temperature • calculation temperature of the indoor air for • cooling/air conditioning • calculation air flows for ventilation (fresh air) • and for air conditioning - I5 NORM • calculation of the heat flow from internal sources • conditions for the choice and the sizing of • the installations prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 iunie 2009

  8. Regulations and EPBD Standards on which is based “Calculation methodology of the energy efficiency of buildings”: • DIRECTIVE 2002/91/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the energy performance of buildings • “The residential and tertiary sector, the major part of which is buildings, accounts for more than 40% of final energy consumption in the Community and is expanding, a trend which is bound to increase its energy consumption and hence also its carbon dioxide emissions.” • - Romanian Law 372/2005 concerning the Energy performance of buildings • - EN ISO 13790 Thermal performance of buildings  Calculation of energy use for space heating • CONTENT: Gives calculation methods for assessment of the annual energy use for space heating and cooling of a residential or a non-residential building, or a part of it. prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

  9. EN 15241 Ventilation for buildings  Calculation methods for energy losses due to ventilation and infiltration in commercial buildings • EN 15242 Ventilation for buildings  Calculation methods for the determination of air flow rates in buildings including infiltration • EN 15255 Energy performance of buildings  Sensible room cooling load calculation  General criteria and validation procedures • EN 13779 Ventilation for non residential buildings – Performance requirements for ventilation and room conditioning systems • EN ISO 13792 Thermal performance of buildings  Calculation of internal temperatures of a room in summer without mechanical cooling  Simplified methods • CONTENT: Specifies the required input data for simplified calculation methods for determining the maximum, average and minimum daily values of the operative temperature of a room in the warm period. prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

  10. Typical meteorological year for calculating energy consumption in buildings The meteorological data from the years 1995 – 2005, for all district capitals, were processed using the method presented in EN ISO 15927-4/2005. For each weather feature and time unit (one month), the characteristic distribution functions were constructed throughout the entire considered period and for each year. The distances between the global distribution function and the one year distribution functions were calculated corresponding to a given time unit (month). This time unit is taken into consideration by giving “notes” to each candidate month to be the “characteristic month”, in inverse order of the Filkenstein-Schaffer (FS) statistics value. 3 candidate months having the greatest mean are chosen. A classification was made between them depending on the wind speed as a secondary parameter. The characteristic month was chosen so that the dispersion of the wind velocity values was the closest to the dispersion calculated for that month with data from of all years. prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

  11. The characteristic months are disposed on one evolution curve by smoothing the transition between them using 6 adjacent hours from two neighboring hours. A simplified method of smoothing with weights was used Horarymeteorological data smoothing, using w=[0.3, 0.4, 0.3] prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

  12. Finally, the following parameters of the mean reference characteristic meteorological year were obtained, for 43 locations of meteorological stations in all the districts (including Bucharest with 2 stations): - air temperature [°C]; - relative humidity [%]; - dew point temperature [°C]; - moisture content [g/kg]; - wind speed [m/s]. For meteorological stations Bucharest-Afumati, Constanta, Galati, Iasi, Cluj-Napoca, Craiova and Timisoara, the reference year has also been built for direct and diffuse radiation [cal/cm2]. prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

  13. 1. General content and scope, general criteria 2. Terminology 3. Ventilation of buildings 3.1 Criteria for achieving ventilation Indoor air quality Compliance of ventilated buildings with regulations 3.2 Ventilation systems 4. Air conditioning of buildings 5. General calculation parameters 5.1 Definition of room conditions 5.2 Climatic data 5.2 Thermal load of the building 5.3 Air flow rates for ventilated spaces I5 ‘s content 5.5 Sizing of air ducts 6. General components of ventilation/air conditioning systems 7. General regulations for ventilation/air conditioning equipment 8. Solutions of ventilation/air conditioning for different destinations of buildings 9. Solutions and measures for improoving energy efficiency in ventilation/air conditioning installations 9.1 Thermal insulation of installations 9.2 Heat recovery and storage and use of renewable sources 10. Execution of ventilation/air conditioning installations 11. putting into operation and reception of ventilation/air conditioning installations 12. Operation, maintenance, revisions and service of ventilation/air conditioning installations prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

  14. European/Romanian standards being reference documents for N I5:2009: • - SR CR 1752:2002 Ventilation for buildings - Design criteria for the indoor environment • ISO 7730 :2005 Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal confort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria • SR EN 15251 Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics • SR EN ISO 13779 :2005 – Ventilation for non-residential buildings. Performance requirements for ventilation and room-conditioning systems • SR EN 12599:2002 Ventilation for buildings - Test procedures and measuring methods for handing over installed ventilation and air conditioning systems • - SR EN 12792:2004 Ventilation for buildings - Symbols, terminology and graphical symbols prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

  15. Compliance of ventilated buildings with regulations • ● The compliance of ventilated buildings with the regulations helps to increase comfort and energy savings; it must be made based on the concept of integrated design, depending on the destination of the building, its compactness, its climatic conditions and its location. ● In order to achieve an economic ventilation, the compliance of ventilated buildings with the regulations aims to: • Reduce the heat load of the building, - Achieve as possible a natural ventilation • Control ventilation and cooling of the building during the night or the summer • Achieving a balanced circulation of air within the building. • Example: In order to reduce the thermal load of buildings, will be considered: - A convenient relation between the building’s fingerprint on the ground and its volume, • - Designing the envelope of the building in order to limit the heating / cooling loads through: thermal insulation of the opaque and transparent elements of the envelope, double ventilated envelope, windows having efficient adjustable sunscreens.... prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

  16. Indoor air quality • For rooms where the ambient criteria are determined by the human presence, indoor air quality will be ensured through the ventilation flow (fresh air) which is determined according to the destination of the rooms, the number of occupants and their activities and the of pollutant emissions of the building (from the construction elements, finishes, furnishings and the installations). • For rooms without a specific destination (e.g. storage spaces), the classification of the air quality and of the ventilation air flow, which may be introduced from outside or transferred from other rooms, shall be determined depending on the useful area of the floor. • For civil and industrial spaces where there are other sources of pollutants than the building itself and the bio-effluents, the indoor air quality must be ensured by compliance with the values of the allowed concentration in the occupied zone. For this purpose, the interior concentration of pollutants and the ventilation flow rate must be calculated. prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

  17. From I5 Norm (ventilation / air conditioning) In all rooms of a building the indoor air quality must be ensured. Indoor air quality is ensured through ventilation depending on the destination of the room, type of pollutant sources and activities taking place in the room. In particular cases, the air quality can be ensured through specific methods (active carbon filters, deodorization devices etc..). prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

  18. Thus, for civil buildings in which the main source of pollution are the human bioefluents, the air quality in rooms where smoking is prohibited, is classified by the allowed indor concentration of carbon dioxide up to the exterior concentration beyond the exterior concentration, as displayed in the Table: Classes of indoor air quality depending on the concentration of CO2 beyond the exterior concentration(from SR EN 13779). prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

  19. From I5 Norm (ventilation / air conditioning) Depending on the pollutant emissions from civil spaces, buildings are classified in: very low-polluting buildings, low-polluting buildings and polluting buildings. Low-polluting building; building made of traditional natural materials like stone, glass, metal or other materials having low emissions. Informatively, the emissions (TCOV, formaldehyde, ammonia, etc..) are given in Annex C of the standard SR EN 15251: 2007. Very low-polluting building; a building made of traditional natural materials like stone, glass, metal or or other materials having low emissions and where smoking was and is always prohibited. Informatively, the emissions (TCOV, formaldehyde, ammonia, etc..) are given in Annex C of the standard SR EN 15251: 2007. Polluting building; a building which does not correspond to the classes of very low or low polluting building prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

  20. Thus, for a room where the ambient criteria are determined by the human presence the resulting flow is q [l/s]: q = N qp + A qB where: N – number of persons, qp – fresh air flow rate per person, from Table 1, A – floor surface area, qB – fresh air flow rate per 1 m2 of floor, from Table 2, Table 1 prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 iunie 2009

  21. prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 iunie 2009

  22. Ventilation systems, mechanical or natural, must be dimensioned so that the values of the extracted flows, given Table…, to be completed in average weather conditions of winter season. These flows must be provided by the system both simultaneously or separately. Table… Air flows for ventilation of dwellings prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

  23. Minimum total flow rate for ventilation of dwellings prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

  24. Calculation interior temperature for comfort air conditioning (from SR EN 15251:2007) prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

  25. Humidity control is achieved only in buildings where the nature of activity requires this control (e.g.: museums, laboratories, some special rooms in hospitals, industrial spaces with different technological processes). Humidity might also be controlled, at the written request of the beneficiary, which should indicate that it was notified of the additional energy consumption that occurs in this case. The design theme will specify distinctively the rooms in which the humidity control has to be done; these rooms will be a separate thermal zone, supplied from a dedicated air handling unit. For civil buildings where the humidity control is adopted, the recommended relative humidity of the indoor air is given in Table... Checking the status of comfort will be done through the calculation of PMV prof.dr. ing. Iolanda COLDA 24 June 2009

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