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Scientific Method

Explore the scientific method and its application in everyday problems. Discover the controversy surrounding the theory of spontaneous generation and the discovery of penicillin. Understand how theories are verified and discarded over time.

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Scientific Method

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  1. Scientific Method El MétodoCientífico Estudio del Capítulo 1 Págs. 1-18

  2. Pasos

  3. Hipótesis y Teorías Hipótesisverificadasrepetidamente e indefinidamente

  4. Teoríarefutada • Teoría de la generaciónEspontánea • De materiaorgánicapuedensurgirespontáneamenteorganismos • Surge controversia entre Defensores y Opositores • Verexperimento de lasmoscasde F. Redi

  5. Application to Everyday Problems • Assume you are late for an appointment and hurriedly try to start your car • Observation: The car won’t start

  6. Descubrimiento de la Penicilina • 1929: Alexander Fleming • Cultivababacterias • Contaminación con el hongoPenicilliumnotatum • Aplicó el métodocientífico: Observación, hipótesis • Descubrimiento de sustanciainhibitoria de crecimiento de bacterias.

  7. Science Is a Human Endeavor • In the 1920s, bacteriologist Alexander Fleming grew bacteria in cultures • One of the bacterial cultures became contaminated with a mold • Fleming nearly destroyed the culture when he noticed the mold (Penicillium) inhibited bacterial growth in the culture

  8. Teorías • Hipótesisverificadasrepetidamente. • Se puedendescartar con el paso del tiempo a la luz del nuevoconocimiento. • Ej. La abiogénesis

  9. Science is a Human Endeavor • Fleming hypothesized that the mold produced an antibacterial substance • Further tests using broth from pure Penicillium cultures lead to the discovery of the first antibiotic, penicillin

  10. Science Is Based on Reasoning • Inductive Reasoning • Used in the development of scientific theories • A generalization is created from many observations • e.g., the cell theory (all living things are made of one or more cells) arises from many observations that all indicate a cellular basis for life

  11. The Scientific Method • Scientific experimentation tests the assertion that a single variable causes a particular observation • The experiment must rule out the influence of other possible variables on the recorded observations

  12. The Scientific Method • Controls are incorporated into experiments • Controls keep untested variables constant • Scientific method is illustrated by Francesco Redi’s experiment

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