ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION from PROCESS INDUSTRIES and Battery Recycling

1. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION from PROCESS INDUSTRIES and Battery Recycling By TaiwoAjayi, Simpa And Valentine Environmental pollution is considered to be our world's most dangerous, and constant, threat; our world is exposed to hazardous pollutants and chemicals from different sources every day. Industries, vehicles and basic human activities (like cooking) are spreading toxins around our world on a daily basis; these toxins affect our environmental resources such as air, water and soil.

2. Slowly, our ecosystem is being brought down by the impending danger of pollutants. These problems require immediate scientific attention to find an appropriate and cost effective solution. In this presentation we will learn types, effects, and managing pollution. Water Pollution Battery Recycling Air Pollution Land Pollution

3. In This Presentation FIRST Pollution and Pollutants SECOND Types of Pollution THIRD Effects of Pollution FOURTH Managing Pollution

7. POLLUTION: Introduction by man, waste matter or surplus energy into the environment, which directly or indirectly causes damage to man and his environment.

8. POLLUTANT: A substance or effect which adversely alters the environment by changing the growth rate of species, interferes with the food chain, is toxic, or interferes with health, comfort amenities or property values of people.

10. TYPES OF POLLUTION

11. Water Pollution Air Pollution Land Pollution Noise Pollution Thermal Pollution Electro Pollution (electronic wastes) Visual Pollution

13. WATER POLLUTION

14. WATER POLLUTION

15. Industrial Sources Responsiblefor Organic Pollution

17. Industrial SourcesResponsible for Inorganic Pollution

19. Industrial Sources Responsible for Heavy Metal Pollution

20. 2. Air Pollution • Air is considered safe when it contains no harmful dust and gases. • Polluted air affects: • - Humans • - Animals • - Vegetation • - Materials

21. Effects from Air Pollution • Global warming • Ozone depletion • (Ozone hole) • Acid Rain • Various respiratory • illnesses

22. Air Pollution has No Boundaries

24. Pollution of air • Dust (e.g. cement dust, bagasse, foundry dust and wind • blown solid dust) • Mist • Smoke • Carbon black • Aerosols

25. The Problem of DUST

26. Some Polluting Process Industries • Sulfuric Acid Plants Thermal Power Stations • Nitric Acid Plants • Cement Plants • Foundaries • Plastic Industries

27. Transportation

28. 3) Land Pollution

29. Pollution of air • Urbanization and Concentration of Population • Municipal Solid Waste • Industrial Waste and Hazardous Waste • Uncontrolled “Land Treatment”. • Burning open dumps and forest fires • Deforestation • Mining and Erosion

30. 4) Noise Pollution

31. Noise Pollution • Exposure to prolong noise affects speech, hearing, general health and behavior. • Noise Levels _ dB (The decibel [dB] is used to measure sound level) • Intensity • frequency • periods of exposure and • duration

32. How sound is measured

33. Comparative Noise Levels (dB)

34. Industrial Noise Sources • Metal fabrication (pressing, grinding, chipping etc.) • High pressure burners in furnaces • Turbines • Compressors • Pumps • Welding machines • Cranes and other vehicles • Pipe lines carrying high velocity fluids and solids • Vibrating and grinding equipment

35. Pollution Management Pollution can be controlled by proper choice of preventive and remedial measures

36. Pollution Techniques

38. Land Pollution Control • Integrated Solid Waste Management • Good agricultural practices • Remediation of polluted soils • Prevention of erosion and silting • Containment of hazardous waste and waste water treatment using land treatment techniques. • Reduce | Reuse | Recycle 3R Principles

39. Noise Pollution Control

40. Occupational Health & Safety • Occupational safety and health is the discipline concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of employees of the industry and the general public. • Safety in process design can be considered under the following broad headings. • 1. Identification and assessment of the hazard • 2. Control of hazards • 3. Control of the process • 4. Limitation of the loss.

41. Battery Recycling • Americans purchase nearly 3 • billion dry-cell batteries every year. • 350 million are rechargeable. • Only 3-5% of primary dry cells are • recycled. • Nearly 99 million wet-cell lead acid • car batteries are manufactured each year • A primary battery will only return 1/50 the energy used to make it. • Batteries contain heavy metals such as mercury, lead, cadmium, and nickel, which can contaminate the environment when batteries are improperly disposed of.

42. Battery Recycling • The oceans are starting to show elevated levels of cadmium. • NiCdbatteries account for 75% of cadmium in landfills. • Preserve natural resources.

43. How recycling works? • Lead Acid Recycling • Plastic is broken up and reused • Lead and lead oxide is smelted • Sulfuric acid is reclaimed

44. Recycling other types of batteries • NiCd • Batteries can be reprocessed through a similar • Thermal technique • NiMH • The output of this process is a product with high nickel content which can be used in the manufacture of stainless steel • Li-İon • Currently reprocessed through pyrolysis (heat treatment) with the primary recovery the metal content

45. Recycling other types of batteries • Zinc-carbon/air and Alkaline-Manganese • Can be reprocessed using a number of different methods which include smelting and other thermal-metallurgical processes to recover the metal content (particularly zinc) • Batteries Containing mercury • Most commonly processed using a vacuum – Thermal treatment

46. Recycling Advances • Mercury battery act • Phase out mercury • Increase Recycling • Rechargeable Battery Recycling Corporation • Since 1994, RBRC has recycled more than 20 million pounds of rechargeable batteries. • Battery Counsel International

47. Solutions • Purchase rechargeable batteries. • Use solar power • Battery Deposit • Make companies take back products they sell. • Make batteries easier to recycle.

48. Resources • www.epa.gov • www.energy.gov gy g • www.wasteonline.org.uk • www.bbc.co.uk • http://www.batteryrecycling.com/index.html • Inorganic Chemistry (Shriver, Atkins) • Recycling of Consumer Dry Cell batteries (Hurd et al.) • http://www.relfe.com/IDetoxamin/cadmium_toxicity.htm • www.zerowasteamerica.org

49. The End …Thanks You for Listening