The British Raj

1. The British Raj World History and Geography 2012-2013 Mr. Burdette MHS

2. Three Types of Imperialism Three Types of Imperialism • Colony – A territory governed by a foreign power. • Protectorate – A territory with its own government but is controlled by a foreign power. • Sphere of Influence - A territory in which a country claims exclusive political or economic rights.

3. With a Partner What type of Imperialism did Britain, United States of America, France, the Dutch and many other European countries utilize in the Asian countries?

4. In China • Britain and other European countries claimed _____________ and ____________ influence through the __________ treaties. • Sphere of Influence!

5. In Japan • United States gained ____________ and _____________ influence through __________ treaties. • Sphere of Influence!

6. Now to India!

7. India before British Rule • Mughal Empire - Ruled from 1526-1857 • Mughal Empire – ruled what is today – Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, India, and Iran • Limited trade with Britain to port cities.

10. British East India Company • Formed in 1600 to facilitate trade with the East Indies – mainly traded with India • Owned by wealthy merchants and aristocrats • Traded cotton, silk, indigo dye, salt, tea and opium

12. Private Imperialism • Imperialism in India was carried out by a private company – The British EIC • Mughal Empire weakens due to outside forces. • British East India Company encourages many Mughal local lords to join them to remain in power.

13. Changes by the EIC • East India Company introduced: • British style education system • English Language • New laws banning customs • Christian missionaries • Hypothesis – How do you think these new laws/rules made some Indians feel about the EIC?

14. Sepoy Mutiny • Sepoy = an Indian native that fought for in the British Military

16. Sepoy Rebellion • British EIC introduced a new type of rifle • The powder cartridges had pig and beef fat on them – which were often ripped with the teeth • This offended Muslim and Hindu soldiers • Why would the pig and beef fat offend both of these types of soldiers?

22. Sepoy Mutiny • Sepoys • Rebelled against British • Killed British officers and also British women and children • British EIC army • Captured guilty parties and strapped them to cannons and shot • Burned villages supporting rebels After two years – The British Crown stepped in and ended the rule of the British EIC.

24. Enter the Royal Crown • After the Sepoy Mutiny – British government takes control and ends many of the controversial reforms of the EIC • The British Raj begins

25. Indian Civil Service • Government Agency • Ruled for the British Crown • Hired very few Indian Natives – led to resentment

27. British Raj • Built railroads, roads and canals – to move troops and British goods around India

29. British Raj • India was an important market for British finished goods– mainly textiles

30. British Raj • India was an important source of raw materials – mainly cotton during the American Civil War

31. British Raj • British Textile Industry devastated domestic production

32. Indian Nationalism Wait… what is nationalism again? • The younger partner define nationalism for the older partner.

33. Indian Nationalism • Indians became frustrated with British rule • Ram Mohun Roy – prominent Indian Nationalist - 1820 • Indian National Congress – formed in 1885 • more Indian natives in government • boycott of British made goods • Muslim League – formed out of a fear of the British and Hindus gaining power

35. Lecture Questions • How was the British EIC different than the British Royal Crown? • What reforms did they put in place in India? • What was the Indian Civil Service? Explain their impact in India.