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CIRCULATORY DISTURBANCES

CIRCULATORY DISTURBANCES. DR . HANA OMER. HYPEREMIA. Definition : it is an active process resulting from augmented tissue inflow due to arteriolar dilation . E.g. skeletal muscle during exercise. CONGESTION.

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CIRCULATORY DISTURBANCES

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  1. CIRCULATORY DISTURBANCES DR . HANA OMER

  2. HYPEREMIA • Definition : it is an active process resulting from augmented tissue inflow due to arteriolar dilation . E.g. skeletal muscle during exercise .

  3. CONGESTION • Definition : it is a passive process resulting from impaired outflow from a tissue. e.g. as in cardiac failure ,venous obstruction . • Cyanosis : it is a blue-red coloration of tissue , due to accumulation of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the affected tissues .

  4. CONGESTION

  5. Cyanosis

  6. THROMBOSIS • Definition : it is the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) within the noninterruptedvascular system .

  7. The predisposing factors are called Virchow’s triad :- • Endothelial injury . • Stasis or turbulence of blood flow . • Blood hypercoagulability .

  8. FATE OF THE THROMBUS • Propagation : the thrombus may accumulate more platelets and fibrin ,that increase the obstruction . • Embolization : thrombi may dislodge and be transported to other sites in the vasculature . • Dissolution : thrombi may be removed by fibrinolytic activity . • Organization and recanalization : thrombi may induce inflammation and fibrosis (organization ) and may eventually become (recanalized ) ,and re-establish vascular flow .

  9. EMBOLISM • Definition :it is a detached intravascular solid , liquid , or gaseous mass that is carried by the blood to a site distant from its of origin . • Virtually 99% of all emboli represent some part of a dislodged thrombus .

  10. PULMONARY EMBOLISM

  11. TYPES OF EMBOLISM • Pulmonary thromboembolism . • Systemic thromboembolism . • Fat embolism . • Air embolism . • Amniotic fluid embolism .

  12. HEMORRHAGE • Definition : it is extravasation of blood due to rupture of blood vessels . • It is may be external or may be enclosed within a tissue . • Hematoma : is the accumulation of blood in the tissues .

  13. HEMORRHAGE

  14. HEMATOMA

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