Elizabeth Marincola CEO of PLOS (Public Library of Science) COASP 2013

1. Why and How We as Leaders of the OA Community Should Work Together Elizabeth Marincola CEO of PLOS (Public Library of Science) COASP 2013

2. The Need for Community

3. The Need for Competition

4. The Need for Collaboration

5. PLOS is a nonprofit publisher and advocacy organization founded to accelerate progress in science and medicine by leading a transformation in research communication. PLOS’ mission is to make the world’s scientific and medical literature a freely-available public resource About PLOS

6. Outline • Growth • Challenges • Collaboration and competition • Opportunities for the future • How can we work together?

7. Growth

8. PLOS Open Letter September 2001 We support the establishment of an online public library that would provide the full contents of the published record of research and scholarly discourse in medicine and the life sciences in a freely accessible, fully searchable, interlinked form. . . . To encourage the publishers of our journals to support this endeavor, we pledge that, beginning in September 2001, we will publish in, edit or review for, and personally subscribe to only those scholarly and scientific journals that have agreed to grant unrestricted free distribution rights to any and all original research reports that they have published, through PubMed Central and similar online public resources, within 6 months of their initial publication date. Harold Varmus, Nobel Laureate, Director, National Cancer Institute Patrick O. Brown, Professor, Stanford University School of Medicine Michael Eisen, Assistant Professor, University of California, Berkeley PLOS started as a protest movement 34,000 Scientists Pledged to Support OA

9. A Grandmother of “The Movement” • Executive Director of American Society for Cell Biology • Molecular Biology of the Cell first journal to participate in PMC • First PMC National Advisory Committee • PLOS Board of Directors • Member, then Chairman of the Board of eLife • PLOS Executive Director

10. PLOS is now a leader in research publishing Articles Published

11. Growth of large OA Publishers # Articles Published Source: Publisher websites

12. More Open Access Journals Each YearFrom 100s of Journals to 1000s Data: www.doaj.org Graph: openscience.com/a-good-year-for-open-access/

13. Growth of accessible articles Source: Laakso and Björk 2012 (Table 1), which provides data through 2011. 2012 data calculated using average annual growth rate of prior four years.

14. Growth brings challenges

15. Growth is Good, but brings challenges • Logistics - No longer tens of articles but tens of thousands • Payment management, metadata systems • Quality challenges at scale • Shift in the discussion as OA moves to the policy mainstream • Can no longer be dismissed as fringe and therefore a serious political target Image courtesy of Biatch at en.wikipedia

16. Operational challenges for publishers • Attract authors • Education of authors • Ensure a good author experience • Attract editors and match to papers • Run an efficient and well-oiled publishing operation Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Professor_Lucifer_Butts.gif

17. Operational challenges for institutions/funders • The logistics of payments. Move from small number of large subscriptions to many small payments • The logistics of metadata – how to track articles through to publication and afterwards • Demonstrating the impact of published work Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Professor_Lucifer_Butts.gif

18. Quality and service challenges • Maintain quality peer review • Ensure low and decreasing time-to-publication and satisfying publishing experience • Continue to innovate • Deliver on promise of re-use of the literature Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Professor_Lucifer_Butts.gif

19. These challenges are different as we scale

20. Political challenges Anti-OA Rhetoric from traditional publishers Now a much bigger target Need to bring our expertise to the center of policy making We are no longer the fringe Image courtesy of Biatch at en.wikipedia

21. Educational Challenges Confusion about what “Openness” means Does the journal just provide free access (free to read), or free re-use also? What licenses are used? How consistent is a journal’s policies with real OA? Image courtesy of Biatch at en.wikipedia

22. Collaboration and competition

23. We need to work together • None of us have the capacity to tackle all of this alone • Together we can define best practice and build shared tools and platforms that deliver the benefits of OA We need to compete • The benefits of OA arise from effective competition and transparent pricing • Diversification and experimentation are crucial to deliver the benefits

24. Share ideas, concerns, data, and questions Discuss best practices Propose solutions Collaborate on ways to take OA to the next level Communicate … and We Need to Collaborate Source: flickr.com; author: PYB

25. OA publishing is not a fringe activity • At the center of policy agenda globally • Yet often the real expertise is not present • How can we work collectively? • How to share the load? • How to best bring our expertise to the policy makers? Source: flickr.com; author: infrogmation

26. Contributing tools to support policy and decision making:The Open Access Spectrum

27. Answering the Question:What is Open Access ?Free Availability and Unrestricted Use PLOS believes that published research articles should be immediately and freely available online without restriction, for the benefit of scientists, science and the greater public good: • Free access – no charge to access • No embargos – immediately available • Reuse – Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) to use with proper attribution

28. HowOpenIsIt?Measuring Actual Openness • Open Access Spectrum • Recognizes 6 components that define Open Access publications • Defines what makes a journal more open vs. less open • Invites informed decisions about where to publish A collaboration among:

29. Open Access Spectrum Components • www.PLOS.org/HowOpenIsIt

30. We need to compete… • The benefits of OA arise from effective competition • Diversification and experimentation are crucial to deliver the benefits • We should be competing to be the best implementers of the OA vision • Can we collaborate on the frameworks that we compete within? What community structures do we need? And weneed to collaborate…

31. Opportunities for the future

32. How will PLOS contribute? • PLOS enjoys “special status” as a community-driven entity that was a founder of the OA movement • Must constantly respond and get ahead of community demands to retain respect and meet expectations • Innovation is the key to maintaining cutting-edge

33. PLOS’ Mission • Technology • Practices • Mindset Changes • A suite of leading journals • Promote Open Access Adoption

34. PLOS’ Core Beliefs We believe that published research articles should be immediately and freely available online without restriction, for the benefit of scientists, science and the greater public good: • Free access – no charge to access • No embargos – immediately available • Reuse – Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) to use with proper attribution

35. Building and sharing tools. Article Level Metrics as an example

36. PLOS Article Level Metrics Move beyond traditional measures to assess different forms of article impact http://article-level-metrics.plos.org

37. Building and sharing technology The PLOS Article Level Metrics App An Open Source Platform for managing article metrics

38. Making the data available for re-use Re-use of ALM data by ImpactStory

39. Sharing the story of how we succeed (and also where we don’t)

40. A stepwise process of growth… • PLOS Biologyworks of exceptional significance in all areas of biological science • PLOS Medicineresearch on the major challenges to human health worldwide • PLOS Geneticsoutstanding original contributions in all areas of genetics and genomics • PLOS Computational Biologynew insights into living systems at all scales • PLOS Pathogensnew ideas that contribute to understanding the biology of pathogens • PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseasesforgotten diseases affecting the world’s forgotten people

41. …and innovation • PLOS ONE • A journal designed for the internet • Innovation in peer review criteria • Today, the worlds largest journal • PLOS Currents • How can we innovate around the peer review process to deliver critical information at the highest possible speed, while retaining quality?

42. Financial Sustainability PLOS revenues exceeded expenses for the first time in 2010

43. …and experiments that didn’t work • PLOS Hubs aimed to create spaces where communities could collect and promote papers • Issues with take-up and the technology platform • Sunset during 2013

44. Building community programs

45. How to Promote Public Awareness of OA and Show the Benefits of OA? • The Accelerating Science Award Program recognizes individuals who have applied scientific research – published through Open Access – to innovate in any field and benefit society. • Three top awards of $30,000 each • October awards event

46. How can we work together?

47. U.S. Influencing policy • WHITE HOUSE Mandates agencies • Define Open Access within 6 months • Make manuscripts available 12 months after publication • Set policy for data availability (2013) • CONGRESS Considers Expanded Open Access legislation • FRPAA (Federal Research Public Access Act)(re-proposed in 2012) • FASTR (Fair Access to Science and Technology Research) • (put before both House and Senate in 2013) U.K. RCUKDesignates £17 million in 2013 to pay Open Access APCs via block grants to research organisations E.U., Denmark, Ireland, Argentina, Australia…

48. Supporting OA as a Platform • Shared platforms and logistics for payments • Effective transfer of metadata and information • Clarity on re-use rights • Competition on product offerings that deliver real benefits for authors, institutions, and funders

49. We need to work together…

50. We need to compete…