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Turning Theses into Enterprises in Tunisia

Turning Theses into Enterprises in Tunisia. WINNER, BEST ADDRESSES POLITICAL ECONOMY AND IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES EXPERIENCES FROM THE FIELD 2013. Stefanie Brodmann (World Bank) Faycel Zahar ( Ministère de Formation professionnelle et de l’Emploi) . ‘ No Good J obs A vailable’.

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Turning Theses into Enterprises in Tunisia

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  1. Turning Theses into Enterprises in Tunisia WINNER, BEST ADDRESSES POLITICAL ECONOMY AND IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES EXPERIENCES FROM THE FIELD 2013 Stefanie Brodmann (World Bank) FaycelZahar(Ministère de Formation professionnelle et de l’Emploi)

  2. ‘No Good Jobs Available’ What is the primary obstacle in (country) for youth to get a job or a better job that enables them to start a family? Source: Gallup opinion poll, 2009

  3. Intervention: The “EntrepreneurshipTrack” • Objective: Increase self-employment among graduates, by improving skills and affecting attitudes towards entrepreneurship • National reform during 09-10 academic year (inter-ministerial committee: Min of Vocational Training & Employment; Industry; Education & Higher Education) • Entrepreneurship track for third year university students in “applied programs” • Business training • Entrepreneurship courses offered by the public employment office • Practical research on the ground/ interactive sessions to foster: • (i) behavioral skills; (ii) business skills; and (iii) networking skills • Initial business idea: modified after evaluation by bankers and experts • Personalized coaching • Private sector entrepreneurs or specialized coaches (8 sessions, either individually or in small groups) • University professors • Supervision in development and finalization of the business plan • Graduation and possibility to enter into “business plan thesis competition”

  4. Labor-market Outcomes: Employment • Intervention led to an increase in self-employment • Small absolute effects • Effect sizes ranging between 48%-81% for ITT • No evidence that the program significantly affected overall employment, but substitution between employment and self-employment

  5. Channels: What is Behind these Employment Results?

  6. Conclusions • Diagnostics: Insufficient labor demand / high youth UE among graduates • Impact: Entrepreneurship track led to higher self-employment • Employment rate among beneficiaries remained unchanged • Affected a range of behavioral skills • - Confirms (at least some) non-cognitive skills are malleable • - Potential trade-offs between skills for self-employment and wage employment? • Scalability: • Scaled up and expanded to engineering and masters program • Despite large effect size, not a mass effective channel given low base • Way forward: • What are the additional constraints faced by graduates? How did the firms created develop? What are the constraints to entrepreneurship? • Qualitative survey (April/May 2013) and quantitative follow up among pilot participants (September 2013, 3 years after graduation) to understand long term impact of intervention

  7. Contact Information • Ministère de Formation professionnelle et de l’Emploi (MFPE) • FaycelZahar, Agence Nationale d’Emploi et de Travail Indépendant (ANETI) • zahar.faycel@emploi.nat.tn • FatmaMoussa, ObservatoireNationaled’Emploi et des Qualifications (ONEQ) • fatma.moussa@mfpe.gov.tn • Impact Evaluation Team • Patrick Premand, World Bank: ppremand@worldbank.org • Stefanie Brodmann, World Bank: sbrodmann@worldbank.org • Rita Almeida, World Bank & IZA: ralmeida@worldbank.org • RebekkaGrun, World Bank: rgrun@worldbank.org • Mahdi Barouni, Centre des recherches et des études sociales: barouni.mahdi@gmail.com

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