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The Terminal Permian Extinction

The Terminal Permian Extinction. Greatest mass extinction ever 90-95% of marine taxa Approximately 70% of terrestrial taxa Multiple hypotheses regarding cause If it happened once, it could happen again! Modern day mass extinction. The “Great Dying”. 90 - 95% of all marine organisms

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The Terminal Permian Extinction

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  1. The Terminal Permian Extinction • Greatest mass extinction ever • 90-95% of marine taxa • Approximately 70% of terrestrial taxa • Multiple hypotheses regarding cause • If it happened once, it could happen again! • Modern day mass extinction

  2. The “Great Dying” • 90 - 95% of all marine organisms • Trilobites • Rugose and Tabulate Corals • Fusilinid Foraminifera • Acanthodian and Placoderm Fish • Blastoids • Many crinoids and other echinoderms • Most brachiopods • Most eurypterids • Many bryozoans • Many ammonoid cephalopods

  3. Permian Paradise

  4. The “Morning After” Fauna

  5. Before and After

  6. The “Great Dying” • Approx. 70% of all terrestrial organisms • Many groups of amphibians • Therapsid “mammal-like” reptiles • Includes Pelycosaurs • Forests!

  7. The “Great Dying”

  8. Why did this happen? • Effects of Pangea • Loss of shallow shelves • Climate change: warming and drying • Melting ice cap changes ocean circulation • Oceanic stratification • Deep ocean anoxia and incursion on shelves • Volcanism – Siberian traps

  9. Is anybody happy about this? • Survivors and Lazarus taxa • Ecological opportunity: jobs to fill! • Adaptive radiation • Beginnings of modern-appearing marine communities • Niches vacated by amphibians are filled by reptiles • Reptiles are better adapted to dry climates • Enter the dinosaurs

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