Nationalism, World War One and the Russian Revolution

1. Nationalism, World War One and the Russian Revolution Review Exercise For each group of Learning Targets (# not letter) write one question on your group’s test. Your test should include only 2 short answer and 1 extended response writing questions the rest should be multiple choice.

2. Week #1 • 1a. Nationalism is the desire for self rule, the desire to unite culturally under a single government, the desire to be superior to other countries • 1b. Nationalism can be both unifying and divisive • 1c. Nation/State is a group of people who have common bonds (nationality, history, language, culture…) • 2a. Former slaves in Haiti led a revolution against the French • 2b. Bolivar led revolts in many countries in South America in an attempt to establish self rule( Venezuela, Columbia) • 2c. In Mexico Hidalgo led the common people to revolt against Spanish rule • 2d. Reasons for revolution included the oppressive social structure, enlightenment ideas, and desire for self-rule. • 3a. Congress of Vienna redraws the borders of Europe with no regard to cultural boundaries after the Napoleonic Wars • 3b. Monarchs are restored to thrones in many European countries by the Congress of Vienna • 4a. Italy was a divided country economically (north- industrial, south-agriculture), politically they had no central government and strong foreign influence, socially they were unified by culture • 4b. Revolt and diplomacy led to the unification of Italy as one Nation/State • 4c. Count Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi led the unification effort

3. Week #2 • 1a. Germany was a divided country economically, politically they had no central government and strong foreign influence, socially they were unified by culture • 1b. The state of Prussia under the leadership of Bismarck used military force to unify the German states and to eliminate foreign influences • 1c. Bismarck’s goal was to make Germany strong industrially, and militarily at the expense of democratic rule (realpolitik) • 2a. Russia was ruled as an autocracy (absolute authority), culturally diverse, economically depressed • 2b. Attempts to revolt failed (Revolution of 1905, Decembrist Revolt) and Russia remains under Czarist control (absolute authority) – Nationalism fails at this time • 3a. Austria-Hungary was a dual monarchy ( both countries were ruled by one King), culturally and economically divided • 3b. There were many nationalities who wanted to break free of the monarchy and used violence to express their discontent with the government • 3c. The dual monarchy stays politically in control

4. Week #3 • 1a. Militarism – there was build up around the world of military power • 1b. Imperialism – The competition for colonies(resources) across the world caused countries to fight with each other • 1c. Nationalism – countries developed strong patriotic views which leads to conflict with neighboring countries • 1d. Alliances- Major alliances were formed (Triple Alliance and Triple Entente) • 1e. Conflict in the Balkans – European countries were fighting for control of the Balkan peninsula • 1f. Assassination of the Archduke of Austria-Hungary by the black hand (Serbian nationalist) – the spark

5. Week #4 • 1a. Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia leading to a chain reaction of countries entering the war based on their alliances • 1b. Schlieffen Plan – explains the German battle plan which leads to trench warfare and a two front war • 2a. Western Front – trench warfare was used and lead to the a war of attrition (more people and resources creates advantage) • 2b. Eastern Front – the fighting was more mobile and the Russians had significant loses due to lack of industrialization • 3a. Machine guns, airplanes, submarines, tanks, poison gas, and trench warfare were all new techniques used during WWI that made the war different from past wars

6. Week #5 • 1a. Recruitment-used for propaganda • 1b. Financing-used for propaganda • 1c. Unifying (nationalism) –used for propaganda • 1d. Conservation of resources- used for propaganda • 1e. Participation on the home front-used for propaganda • 2a. Sinking of the Lusitania • 2b. Zimmerman note • 2c. Submarine warfare/economic reasons

7. Week #6 • 1a. The losses from WWI lead to growing discontent and revolution in Russia • 1b. A provisional government is established and is ineffective which enables Lenin and the Bolsheviks to take control of Russia with a promise of “peace, land and bread” • 2a. Lenin tries to win popularity with the people and signs The Treaty of Brest-litovsk – which removes Russia from the war • 3a. The United States is a dominating force and increases the number of troops of the Allies which overwhelms the central powers • 4a. The Treaty establishes how Germany will be treated after the war (disarmament, lose land, taking blame, reparations) • 4b. The treaty also created resentment from Germany and other Allies which leads to future hostilities (who was given what) • 5a. Europe is economically and physically destroyed. Large scale casualties. • 5b. The changes to the European map which include the break-up of Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman empire.