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Summed Up in About 10 Minutes. The History of Everything. The Beginning of the Universe. The Big Bang occurs and the universe is formed The universe continually expands, as matter cools galaxies of stars and planets form Thought to be about 13.7 billion years ago. The Milky Way Galaxy Forms.
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Summed Up in About 10 Minutes The History of Everything
The Beginning of the Universe • The Big Bang occurs and the universe is formed • The universe continually expands, as matter cools galaxies of stars and planets form • Thought to be about 13.7 billion years ago
The Milky Way Galaxy Forms • About 13.2 billion years go • Today consists of 200-400 million stars • Probably at least 10 billion planets considered a livable distance from a sun
The Sun forms • About 4.57 billion years • A supernova causes shockwaves which forces clouds of gas together • It’s incredible mass and gravity cause fusion reactions to occur- releasing lots of light and heat
The Earth Forms • About 4.54 billion years ago • Leftover gases and dusts come together forming planets • Only took 10-20 million years • Moon forms about 4.53 billion years ago
The Early Earth • Had no oxygen • Was very hot and molten, but slowly began to cool • Volcanoes spewed gases into the air, forming a primitive atmosphere • Meteor/asteroid strikes were common
The Oceans form • About 4.4 billion years ago • The earth had cooled enough for water to condense • Thought to be where life first began
Complex molecules form • UV radiation and lightening hitting simple gases was able to form complex molecules like: • Nucleotides • Proteins • Carbohydrates • Proved to be possible – we can do this in a lab! • Some alien molecules landed with asteroids?????
We really don’t know, but believe it was about 3.5-3.9 billion years ago This is where things get very hypothetical, there are a few models, each which have some evidence supporting them and some flaws This is NOT ADDRESSED by Darwin or Evolution And Life Began by….
Self-replicating molecules must have formed • Thought to possibly be RNA? • Metabolism must have evolved • First life could manipulate its environment? • Membranes must have evolved • Lipids were first form of life? • Some combination of above 3? • Clay model? The Basics of Extremely Complicated Theories
The Universal Common Ancestor • There is strong evidence that all life shares a single common ancestor • Evidence also suggests that it was a heterotrophic prokaryote • No organelles, no photosynthesis
Features of the LUCA found in everything • Last Universal Common Ancestor • DNA as code • RNA as code carrier • Ribosomes as protein factories • Amino acids/proteins • Cell membranes
Photosynthesis evolved • In bacteria-like simple organisms about 3.3 billion years ago • Produced oxygen which led to the ozone layer • Also led to the evolution of aerobic cellular respiration
Eukaryotes Evolved • About 1.5-2.1 billion years ago • At some point we think one cell engulfed a photosynthetic bacteria – forming a cell with a chloroplast • Same thing happened to create mitochondria
Multi-cellular organisms evolve • About 1 billion years ago • Probably has happened several times • Colonies of single cells came together??
Animals evolve • About 600 million years ago in water • Simple sponge-like creatures
Plants come to land • About 475 million years ago • Provide food on land • Insects follow about 75 million years later
Amphibians come to land • About 350 million years ago • A population of fish was able to survive on land for longer and longer periods of time over many generations
The first mammals evolve • About 200 million years ago (about 100 million years after reptiles, 50 million years before birds, 70 million years before flowers) • Were around with the dinosaurs
Primates evolve • About 55 million years ago • Thought to be small, the size of a squirrel
Homo genus evolves • About 2.5 million years ago • Which exact species are the ancestor not well understood
Humans evolve • About 200,000 years ago • About 0.004% of Earth’s existence, 0.005% of the time life has existed, and 0.03% of the time animals have existed • We have been around for a very short time (relatively)