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THOMAS JEFFERSON

THOMAS JEFFERSON. Born in Virginia Graduate of William and Mary College A practicing lawyer and member of Virginia’s House of Burgesses Father of the DOI Secretary of State under President Washington Vice President under Adams Owned 200 slaves. ELECTION OF 1800.

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THOMAS JEFFERSON

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  1. THOMAS JEFFERSON • Born in Virginia • Graduate of William and Mary College • A practicing lawyer and member of Virginia’s House of Burgesses • Father of the DOI • Secretary of State under President Washington • Vice President under Adams • Owned 200 slaves

  2. ELECTION OF 1800 • Jefferson defeats Adams in the Electoral College 73-65. • Problem: Jefferson & Burr received 73 votes each and both were Democratic-Republicans • Therefore election decided by House of Representatives

  3. AARON BURR • Aaron Burr (1756-1836) • Born in Newark N.J. • Fought with the continental Army in the Revolutionary war. • A practicing lawyer in New York City against Hamilton • Vice President of the United States (1801-1805). • Kills Alexander Hamilton in a duel • Involved in the Burr Conspiracy

  4. MARBURY VS MADISON • Although the Supreme Court, which had a Federalist majority, denied Marbury, also a Federalist, his commission (appointment to become a judge), the Court established a far more principle. • THE SUPREME COURT INTERPRETS WHAT THE CONSTITUTION MEANS AND CAN DECLARE A LAW UNCONSTITUTIONAL WHICH IS CALLED JUDICIAL REVIEW. • THE CONSTITUTION IS THE SUPREME LAW OF THE LAND AND THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT IS OVER THE STATES.

  5. Spanish Land 1800 • Great Britain after the Revolution. • United States after War • Spanish land after Revolution New Orleans

  6. French Land in 1801 • Great Britain after the Revolution. • United States after War • Spanish land New Orleans

  7. LOUISIANA PURCHASE • 1800, France acquired Spanish Louisiana & New Orleans • Because of pressure from the westand national security threats, Jefferson offered to buy New Orleans from France • Offered Napoleon $10 million to buy New Orleans • If sale fails, instructed to seek alliance with England

  8. LOUISIANA PURCHASE Louisiana purchase • Since Napoleon was at war with Great Britain he offered entire Louisiana Territory to US for $15 million • Needed the money for his war with Great Britain • Jefferson purchased Louisiana Territory for $15 million, about 3 cents an acre • Doubled the size of the US • Jefferson’s greatest accomplishment • Why? Didn’t fight a war, no blood shed.

  9. CONSTITUTIONAL QUESTION Does the President have the right to purchase land if it is not expressed in the US Constitution? Jefferson used implied powers or loose construction to justify his decision “It was for the best interest of the nation. It is the case of a guardian, investing the money of his ward in purchasing an important adjacent territory; and saying to him when of age, I did this for your good; I pretend to no right to bind you; you may disavow me, and I must get out of the scrape as I can: I thought it my duty to risk myself for you.” Madison to Jefferson “Mr. President, you are only extending this republic over a larger area of land.” LP Constitutional ?

  10. CONSTITUTIONAL QUESTION Does the President have the right to purchase land if it is not expressed in the US Constitution? • Hamilton and Federalists were against this purchase • Why? Population shift take Federalist power away in Congress • Feared Jefferson’s vision of an “agrarian society” • Jefferson referred to this as his “valley of democracy” LP Constitutional ?

  11. Expansion of the United States Map 6 of 45

  12. Expansion of the United Stateswith Louisiana Purchase 1803 Map 7 of 45

  13. LEWIS AND CLARK • Spring, 1804: Jefferson sends personal secretary Meriwether Lewis and army officer William Clark to explore north Louisiana • Corp of Discovery: 28 men who accompanied Lewis/Clark. • Exploration yielded maps, knowledge of Indians, overland trail to Pacific • President Jefferson wanted to find the Northwest Passage • United States’ claim to the Pacific Northwest

  14. SACAJAWEA • Interpreter and guide for Lewis and Clark • Her knowledge of trails and mountain passes helped with the success of the expedition. • She was also a “diplomat” for Lewis and Clark. Many tribes had never seen white men before. • Her presence with a baby was looked upon as good and Lewis and Clark were considered peaceful.

  15. Map LP/3

  16. Essay Question • Evaluate the significance of TWO of the following activities from Jefferson’s time as President. -Louisiana Purchase -Two term presidency -Embargo Act of 1807 -Marbury v. Madison

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