UNCT Retreat 2012 Independence Hotel, Sihanoukville , Cambodia 30 May – 1 June 2012

1. UNCT Retreat 2012Independence Hotel, Sihanoukville, Cambodia30 May – 1 June 2012 Access to Energy in Cambodia Presented by SOK Narin, UNIDO/Cambodia

2. Outline of Presentation • Global and Local Trend • Current status of Energy in Cambodia • The UN Secretary- General: Sustainable Energy for All • Government’s strategy • UNDAF • Ongoing initiatives of UN Agencies

3. Global and Local Challenges GLOBAL • 1.3 billion people lack of access to energy for lighting or conducting business. 51% in Asia. • 40% of world population rely on wood, coal, charcoal, animal waste for cooking • About 2 million (women and children), got lung diseases or died from toxic smoke • WHO and UNDP: over 3 billion people lack access to modern fuels for cooking and heating • Lack of access to modern energy services affects achievement of MDG

4. Global and Local Challenges CAMBODIA POWER Source: MIME, 2012 Source: MIME, 2012

5. Current status of Energy in Cambodia Energy source • Cambodia heavily relied on DO/HFO to generate electricity. DO/HFO accounted for 52.2%. Source: MIME, 2012

6. Current status of Energy in Cambodia Energy and Climate Change • In March 2010, Second National Communication to UNFCCC identified energy sector as high potential options for GHG emission mitigation. Based on this report: Emissions from Electricity Sector: The main providers: EDC, Rural Electricity Enterprises (REEs) and battery charging stations. Emissions in Gg CO2 eq. for the Electricity Sector was estimated to be 1453 in 2010 and over 8000 in 2050. Emissions from the Manufacturing Industries: main industrial sectors with energy consumption: rice milling, brick works, garment and rubber industries Emissions in Gg CO2 equivalents for Manufacturing and Construction Industries was estimated to be 689 in 2010 and 1766 in 2050. Proposed mitigation options focused on the improvement of energy efficiency, increase share of renewable energies in the electricity generation and promotion of the renewable energy technologies

7. UN Secretary- General: Sustainable Energy for All “Energy is the golden thread that connects economic growth, increased social equity, and an environment that allows the world to thrive”, UNSG , Jan 2012. • Initiative was launched in Nov 2011 • By 2030, all stakeholders need to achieve the following three critical objectives: • Ensuring universal access to modern energy service. • Doubling the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency. • Doubling the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix. Source: SG, 2012

8. UN Secretary- General: Sustainable Energy for All UN Secretary-General’s Sustainable Energy for All initiative: Key components All parties must act… …and work together to realize a world with Sustainable Energy for All Governments National governments Public institutions Cities and municipalities Multilateral organizations Bilateral development partners Global Action Agenda, with a set of Action Areas, will facilitate dialogues and guide action towards SE4ALL goal globally Country Action to accelerate progress toward nationally-tailored sustainable energy for all objectives, based on country’s own action plans and programmes High-impact opportunity initiatives to mobilise multi-stakeholder partnerships, commitments and investment linked to key Action Areas Businesses Energy companies Financial players All companies Energy access Renewable energy Energy efficiency Civil society Organization Academic institutions Individuals Monitoring and Progress Tracking to recognize achievements, share lessons and ensure accountability

9. SE4ALL Country Action Process Exchange of letters confirming engagement with SE4ALL Identified ministry focal point Initial dialogues Cross-sectoral/multi-stakeholder buy-in UN Secretary- General: Sustainable Energy for All • Stock-taking (Rapid Assessment/Gap Analysis) identifies barriers/gaps to goals by 2030 • Potential high impact opportunities for scaling up and acceleration • Multi-stakeholder consultations, verification, and identification of potential partners • Nationally tailored goals • Development of a portfolio of investment national and regional programs • Enabling policy and regulatory frameworks • Capacity building • Matchmaking/identification of multi-stakeholder partners • Financing access • Monitoring & accountability frameworks • Investment and implementation • On-going capacity building • Monitoring for progress with milestones and feedback • Knowledge sharing • ~ 3-6 months • ~1-2 years • ~10-20 years

10. UN Secretary- General: Sustainable Energy for All Achieving the three objectives of Sustainable Energy for All… … by 2030… Ensuring universal Energy Access Doubling the share ofRenewable Energy Doubling the rate of improvement in Energy Efficiency • Improved health Improved agricultural productivity • Empowerment of women • Business and employment creation • Economic development • Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals • Affordable energy even where grid does not reach • New opportunities for small entrepreneurs • Decreased variability in energy costs • Energy security and reduced import bills • Reduced environmental impacts • Lighting / appliances that require less power • Fossil fuel resources used more effectively • Reduced energy costs for consumers • Redistribution of electricity that now is wasted or lost • More reliable electricity systems … makes many development goals possible Energy cuts across sustainable development issuesPursuing three objectives simultaneously bring about tremendous benefits

11. Government’s policies and strategy RURAL ELECTRIFICATION POLICY Policy’s Goal Source: MIME, 2012

12. Government’s policies and strategy CAMBODIA POWER STRATEGY According to MIME’s strategy implementation plane 2011 Source: MIME, 2012

13. UNDAF responses to Energy • The recently approved UNDAF 2011-2015 outlines one of the outputs, Environment and Sustainable Development, which focusing on: • strengthening the capacity of national and local authorities and private institutions to ensure sustainable use of natural resources (renewable energies such as hydro power potential). • promotion of clean technologies and responsiveness to climate change Source: UNDAF, 2011

14. UNIDO’s initiatives on energy Services for rural development and income generation • Project title: Rural Energy for Productive Use and Income Generation (2004 – 2011) • Objective: to demonstrate the technical and commercial viability of renewable energy technologies with a focus on mini hydro, biomass, and solar applications Main activities and the impacts Capacity building component on renewable technologies - Trainees pool comprised of participants from MIME, EDC, ITC and NTTI, CKN and financial institutes • Demo of renewable technologies: Solar battery charging station • 6 stations with total capacity of 23kWp located in 3 provinces, Kampong Cham, RatanakKiri, and Pursat • Beneficiary: about 1,073HHs • Annual save of CO2: 36ton • Demonstration of public private partnership in rural and remote off-grid areas • In cooperation with private sector installs 150 Kw biomass gasifier • Beneficiary: 460HHs in Charchuk Commune, Ankor Chum District, Siem Reap Province. • Annual save of CO2: 928ton

15. UNIDO’s initiatives on energy Services for rural development and income generation • Project title: Rural Energy for Productive Use and Income Generation (cont.) Main activities and the impacts Demonstration of public private partnership in rural to promote renewable technologies for productive use - Solar dryer with drying capacity of 100kg of fresh fishes Enable small businessmen to gain value addition into their agricultural products Provide opportunity to the local training institute to demonstrate their technology capacity

16. UNIDO’s initiatives on energy Services for rural development and income generation • Project title: Reduction of greenhouse gases through Energy Efficiency in Industrial Sector (2011-2015) • Objective: to reduce specific energy consumption of industrial production per unit of production leading to net reduction in global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions Main Sectors (rice mill, rubber, garment, food industry, brickiln) Estimated GHG emissions: 1M T CO2eq Saving: 200,000 – 400,000 T CO2eq Capacity building and development of tools and techniques for implementing Energy Efficiency 12 demo companies are to receive energy audit and co-financing

17. UNDP’s initiatives in Response to Energy • Project title: Sustainable Forest Management • Project objective: to strengthen national Sustainable Forest Management Policy, integrated community based forest management into policy, planning, and investment frameworks and create markets for sustainable bio-energy technologies that reduce CO2 • Outcome: Small and medium enterprises ensure long term increases in adaptation of efficient technologies that reduce fuel wood demand. • Key activities include: • Establishment of cook stove production centers • Establishing funding mechanisms for cook stove production • Set up cook stove dissemination mechanisms • Development of training porgramme for cook stove producers

18. Another breakthrough area? Global Climate Change Reduced GHG emissions • Renewable energies (Biogas, Biomass, Solar, hydro, wind, cookstoves, water pumping, etc..) • Energy Efficiency: households and industry Mitigation activities: Energy solutions