Enterprise

2. Enterprise SDI Internet Information Infrastructure Principles, Components and Thoughts Regarding II for the Support of Scientific Research Arctic Forum 2006

3. Information Infrastructure – Background and Principles • Components • Special Needs, Issues and Challenges for II in Scientific Communities • Thoughts About the Road Ahead

4. Enterprise GIS Department GIS Project GIS Local/Regional/National Spatial Data Infrastructures GIS Evolution

5. Data Data Person A Institution Z Department M Organization X Data Region Y Etc. Data Data Data Data Data

6. Hardware Software Data Training Data 85% Data Is The Single Most Significant Investment

7. Land Records Urban Planning Public Health Disaster Planning Utility Management Etc. Data Data Value Can Be Leveraged Among Many Applications

8. A geographic information revolution is occurring…

9. What is an SDI? SDI as a principle recognizes GIS data as a fundamental infrastructure component for national physical, cultural and economic development, akin to highways, telecommunications networks and educational facilities. Telecommunications Transportation Electricity Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Education SDI

10. Global Spatial Data Initiative Libya Spatial Data Infrastructure Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific Growing Number of Regional Initiatives European Union INSPIRE Qatar National GIS National Spatial Data Initiative (U.S.) Kuwait SDI Oman National GIS Australian Spatial Data Infrastructure

11. 1980 1990 2000 • 100 Countries Are Now Developing SDI At Some Level • 50 Countries Have Signed To Participate in Global Spatial Data Infrastructure • The Community Is Growing Every Year

12. Standards Technology Policies Organization What is an SDI? SDI is a Framework………. Metadata FGDS Technology Portal Services Network ….for sharing geospatial data Legal Financial Technical Executive Technical FGDS Custodian Agency Enterprise

13. Standards Technology Policies Organization International SDI experience very valuable, and many “targets” are the same………………. Metadata FGDS Technology ……but approach has to be tailored to the special needs of every “community”. Portal Services Network Legal Financial Technical Executive Technical FGDS Custodian Agency Enterprise

14. Metadata FGDS Technology Standards Portal Services Network Technology Legal Financial Technical Executive Technical FGDS Custodian Agency Enterprise Policies Organization Metadata …a catalog that contains data about data……

15. Metadata Plays an Integrating Role SDI Network Enables … Search, Discovery, and Brokering of access to geospatial resources Data Applications Web sites Documents

16. Metadata Discovery metadata - What data sets hold the sort of data I am interested in? This enable organisations to know and publicise what data holdings they have. Exploration metadata - Do the identified data sets contain sufficient information to enable a sensible analysis to be made for my purposes? This is documentation to be provided with the data to ensure that others use the data correctly and wisely. Exploitation metadata - What is the process of obtaining and using the data that are required? This helps end users and provider organisations to effectively store, reuse, maintain and archive their data holdings.

17. Metadata Several Geospatial Metadata “Standards” • FGDC • OGC • ISO Other Related Metadata “Standards” • MARC • Dublin Core

18. Metadata Emerging Extensions in Various “Communities of Practice” • Natural Resource Science • Engineering • Many others and growing………..

19. Metadata FGDS Technology Standards Portal Services Network Technology Legal Financial Technical Executive Technical FGDS Custodian Agency Enterprise Policies Organization FGDS …Fundamental Geospatial Data Sets (FGDS) data topics that are needed in common by many stakeholders……

20. Metadata FGDS Technology Standards Portal Services Network Technology Legal Financial Technical Executive Technical FGDS Custodian Agency Enterprise Policies Organization FGDS • Topics • Scale • Content • Format

21. National Information Infrastructure ITC National Computing and Network Infrastructure Spatial Data Infrastructure National Statistics and Indicators Other Growing recognition that SDI is part of a larger societal issue

22. What Are the Common Components of NII??

23. Standards Technology Policies Organization Many Commonalities and Dependencies

24. Information sharing “federations” are happening all over the world in many different ways, shapes, forms, and levels of organization

25. Many Geographic and Topical “Communities of Interest and Practice”

26. There has already been huge international investment in the development of general purpose “framework” data, methods and tools Large numbers of environmental management organizations are developing new and innovative methods, tools and data standards on top of this infrastructure

27. Use of IS/GIS, and the formation of data sharing networks by scientific research communities is still highly variable

28. 2001 Arctic GIS Workshop and White Paper http://www.arcus.org/gis/2001_Workshop.html

29. Benefits to Science 2001 Arctic GIS Workshop and White Paper http://www.arcus.org/gis/2001_Workshop.html

30. Some Special Needs Software tools need to be extended to fit research needs Data model ontologies need re-thinking Dynamic modeling and simulation tools require more integrative capabilities Better integration with monitoring and measurement technologies needed Recognition of data collection and publishing as a valid scientific pursuit Need stronger partnerships and collaboration with the GIScience, SDI and Information Science communities (among others)

31. US National Academy of Science’s Polar Research Board Arctic Observing System (AOS) Panel International Study of Arctic Change (ISAC), Circumarctic Environmental Observatories Network (CEON) Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH) Various IPY Initiatives Arctic Ocean Observing System (AOOS) Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) Arctic Research Planning (ICARP II)

32. Environmental Agencies Have Broad Needs Baseline reconnaissance Issue identification and characterization Knowledge and data gap discovery Field data collection program design Field data collection Remotely sensed data collection Raw data processing and verification Data synthesis and analysis Data derivation and extrapolation

33. Environmental Agencies Have Broad Needs Resource inventory and mapping Monitoring and assessment Ecosystem behavior simulation Indicator measurement and trend analysis Permit issuance and tracking Violation tracking and enforcement Pollution tracking and assessment Catastrophic pollution contingency planning and response Ecosystem science knowledge management Policy/management decision support

34. Supporting a Science-Based Environmental Agency With GIS and Related Information Technologies Is A Special Challenge That Requires Bridging Among Several Disciplines

35. SCIENCE POLICY MANAGEMENT DATA TOOLS METHODS

36. SCIENCE Most scientists are highly trained and intelligent individualists Trained to question almost everything Disdain political considerations and anything “unscientific” Don’t like to be told what to do, especially by non-scientists Are highly protective of their data because no one else can possibly understand it and will likely use it for inappropriate uses Most are not trained in information science and don’t know what you mean if you tell them that

37. POLICY Most policy makers are highly trained and intelligent individualists Trained to force everything into rational structures that avoid pesky questions Believe policy making is the primary reason for science to exist Like to tell people what to do, especially scientists Love scientists and information technology when they support the decisions the policy makers have already made

38. MANAGEMENT Most resource managers are highly trained and intelligent individualists Don’t like to be told what to do, especially by scientists and policy makers Feel that anything that isn’t “on the ground” is “blue sky”

39. DATA Most information technology Professionals are highly trained and intelligent individualists Disdain “non-technical” policy makers and scientists. Don’t know enough about resource managers to hate them much Derive comfort from knowing that no one knows enough to really tell them what to do and know whether it’s been done or not TOOLS METHODS Feel that people that don’t have a clearly defined “business case” need to get better organized

40. Road Ahead • Continued awareness at many levels among the involved stakeholder communities; • Support of existing and planned research information “federations”; • Build common foundation infrastructure (portals, metadata catalogs, fieldwork infrastructure and catalogs, etc.) • Link to existing geospatial data clearinghouses and networks • Build and strengthen interlinkages among the Arctic research community

41. In the Internet Age, Information Infrastructure is more about people and institutions…… …..than it is about technology

42. As long as we treat information as a zero-sum game…… MINE!!! …..we constrain its distribution and use

43. Ours! We Need A New Paradigm For How We Work Together

44. Communicate Coordinate Cooperate Collaborate Are we up to the challenge??