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Food

Food . Let's Eat. History, Modern Era, Today, Future (?). Introduction. Far more complicated than just planting seeds How? Who is involved? What does agriculture entail? Care of the soil Crops Animals Dairy Forestry Other industries as well What do farmers have to know?.

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Food

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  1. Food Let's Eat

  2. History, Modern Era, Today, Future (?)

  3. Introduction • Far more complicated than just planting seeds • How? • Who is involved? • What does agriculture entail? • Care of the soil • Crops • Animals • Dairy • Forestry • Other industries as well • What do farmers have to know?

  4. How has mechanization helped?

  5. How has mechanization helped? • Efficiency

  6. How has mechanization helped? • Efficiency • Communication

  7. How has mechanization helped? • Efficiency • Communication • Transportation

  8. What do we grow? • Cereals … • Sugar and sugarcane • Animals • Fruit and vegetables • Feed grain • What do people grow that we cannot eat?

  9. How does farmland and labor force relate to the wealth of a country? • How is foreign exchange built up? • Why do some countries export agricultural products? • This is VERY important!

  10. Four Periods of Agriculture • Stage 1: Prehistoric • Locations?

  11. First animals …

  12. First animals … • Dogs

  13. First animals … • Dogs • Cats

  14. First animals … • Dogs • Cats • Chickens • What kinds of tools did we have? • What did farmers depend on the most? • Why would farmers have to move sometimes?

  15. Stage 2: Historical through to the Roman Period • Around 2500 BC to 500 AD • No more serious innovation until scientific agriculture 1000 years later • Grapes and other fruits and vegetables, wine, olive oil, wine, rye, oats, cotton, linen, silk • Where do you think these things came from? • Animal power and steel pointed tools • What advantages would these things have?

  16. Better storage methods • Land was used more productively • Irrigation • Manure

  17. Stage 3: Feudal Agriculture (~ 500-1500) • Serfs, not slaves • Better irrigation • What else can happen with more food? • Middle Eastern agriculture went downhill • But Europeans learned a lot during which episode? • The Bubonic Plague killed many Europeans • So what did the survivors have to do?

  18. Scientific Agriculture • Some defining characteristics: • Exploration • New economic theories • Warfare • Why would people want to explore? • What would come out of this exploration? • Cash crops  Plantations

  19. The Renaissance and The Enlightenment created many new things: • Breeding new plants and animals • Drainage (more people) • Economic theories • Who owned what and how it was controlled

  20. The Industrial Revolution • Better hand-held and animal-pulled machines, but the most important was … • What about the city workers? • Agribusiness

  21. Transportation • Faster, Cheaper • What do you need to transport food a long distance? • NA and Aus farmers more important to Europeans than European farmers

  22. Post-WWII • Population explosion • Green Revolution • Oil Crisis in the 1970s • Less nitrogen for fertlizer

  23. How did N America benefit? • Gasoline, diesel and electric power • Soil analysis • Chemical fertilizers • GM • New uses for by-products and wastes • Storage, processing, transportation • Everything refrigerated • Flash freezing

  24. “The World According to Monsanto” • Patents • Who will control food? • GM food • Is it good for us? For the environment? • Chemicals • What effects can they have on human and environmental well-being?

  25. Genetically Modified Food and Chemical Use • Some advantages: • They can help us meet the demands of the future • A growing population • The need for more food • Stress on the environment • What kind of stress can GM foods and chemicals help reduce?

  26. What about malnutrition? • About 850m people today • Ill-health and lower productivity • How can we reduce that number with a growing population? • Examples: Golden Rice 2, ‘Protato’, edible vaccines

  27. What are some of the environmental concerns? • Immunity from herbicides and pesticides • Other creatures could be harmed • ‘Superweeds’

  28. What about human health? • “After twelve years of reviewing the safety of novel [GM] foods, Health Canada is not aware of any published scientific evidence demonstrating that novel foods are any less safe than traditional foods.” – Health Canada

  29. People may absorb, into their bodies, the characteristics of the modified food • Have they ever done this before? • People may unknowingly eat something to which they are allergic • GM foods are looked at more carefully than ‘regular’ foods • Allergens can be removed

  30. More advantages of science-based agriculture • How can this help protect wild species? • Late 19th C. vs. late 20th C. • Irrigation, petrochemical fertilizer, high-yield crops, pesticides

  31. “Eco-agriculture” to protect land • “Growing more food per acre leaves more land for nature.” – Norman Borlaug

  32. What do many conservationist groups say about this? • “Don’t use chemical fertilizers and GM foods.” • This would create more deforestation and threaten more species

  33. Many of the world’s poorest people live in areas that have the most species

  34. Vocabulary AssignmentDefine and put into context the following words and terms (due Monday): Mechanization of agriculture Cash crops Foreign exchange Agribusiness Irrigation Green Revolution GM foods Malnutrition Protato Edible vaccine Superweeds Petrochemical fertilizer Eco-agriculture Norman Borlaug

  35. The use of energy in Agriculture • For what is energy used?

  36. The use of energy in Agriculture • For what is energy used? • Temperature control

  37. The use of energy in Agriculture • For what is energy used? • Temperature control • Equipment

  38. The use of energy in Agriculture • For what is energy used? • Temperature control • Equipment • Irrigation

  39. The use of energy in Agriculture • For what is energy used? • Temperature control • Equipment • Irrigation • Transportation

  40. The use of energy in Agriculture • For what is energy used? • Temperature control • Equipment • Irrigation • Transportation • Fertilizer

  41. The use of energy in Agriculture • For what is energy used? • Temperature control • Equipment • Irrigation • Transportation • Fertilizer • Pesticides

  42. The use of energy in Agriculture • For what is energy used? • Temperature control • Equipment • Irrigation • Transportation • Fertilizer • Pesticides • Food processing

  43. Energy consumption in agriculture has lowered since 1973 • Conservation tilling • GM crops • Better pesticides

  44. Raising animals the natural way, or the ‘factory’ way

  45. Look at the numbers in the handout • Very inefficient • But sooooo tasty …

  46. What about agriculture producing energy? • One or two advantages, many problems • Let’s look at the handout again

  47. What is the best way to treat an area that is being farmed? • Treat it like a natural area and try to protect it? • Get the most amount of food possible from it?

  48. Organic agriculture • No pesticides, herbicides, chemical fertilizers, or GMO’s • No antibiotics, hormones, or synthetic feed

  49. Very labor-intensive • Not as much output

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