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2017 - 2018 Computer Networks Protocols

2017 - 2018 Computer Networks Protocols. Lecture No.1 : Introduction. Network Architecture A set of layers and protocols is called the network architecture. Protocol Hierarchies  Networks are organized as layers to reduce design complexity .

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2017 - 2018 Computer Networks Protocols

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  1. 2017-2018 ComputerNetworksProtocols

  2. LectureNo.1:Introduction NetworkArchitecture Asetoflayersandprotocolsiscalledthenetworkarchitecture. ProtocolHierarchies Networksareorganizedaslayerstoreducedesigncomplexity. Eachlayeroffersservicestothehigherlayers.Betweenadjacentlayersisaninterface. DesignIssuesfortheLayers(functions) 1.Mechanismforconnectionestablishment 2.Rulesfordatatransfer 3.Errorcontrol 4.Fastsenderswampingaslowreceiver 5.Routinginthecaseofmultiplepaths NetworkProtocols ·Protocol:isaformatorderofmessagessentandreceivedamongthenetentitiesandactiontakenonmsgs transmissionreceipt. ·Protocolprocess: 1.Theformatorstructureofthemessage 2.Theprocessbywhichnetworkingdevicesshareinformationaboutpathwayswithothernetworks 3.Howandwhenerrorandsystemmessagesarepassedbetweendevices 4.Thesetupandterminationofdatatransfersessions LayeringInNetworkedComputing ·OSIModel(opensysteminterconnection) ·TCP/IPModel Whyalayeredmodel? 1.Breaksdowncommunicationintosmaller,simplerparts. 2.Easiertoteachcommunicationprocess. 3.Allowsdifferenthardwareandsoftwaretoworktogether. 4.Reducescomplexity TheOSImodel

  3. TheOpenSystemsInterconnectionisthemodeldevelopedbytheInternationalStandardsOrganization.TheOpenSystemsInterconnectionisthemodeldevelopedbytheInternationalStandardsOrganization. - helpsusunderstandhowdatagetsfromoneuser’scomputertoanother. -Itaidstoprovideanorganizedstructureforhardwareandsoftwaredeveloperstofollow. Whyuseareferencemodel? –Servesasanoutlineofrulesforhowprotocolscanbeusedtoallowcommunicationbetweencomputers. –Eachlayerhasitsownfunctionandprovidessupporttootherlayers. LayerMainTopics

  4. SERVICES

  5. DataEncapsulation ·EachlayercontainsaProtocolDataUnit(PDU) PDU’sareusedforpeer-to-peercontactbetweencorrespondinglayers. 4layersoftheTCP/IPmodel ·Layer4:Application ·Layer3:Transport ·Layer2:Internet ·Layer1:Networkaccess ItisimportanttonotethatsomeofthelayersintheTCP/IPmodelhavethesame nameaslayersintheOSImodel.Donotconfusethelayersofthetwomodels. DataEncapsulationInTCP/IP Outgoingdataispackagedandidentifiedfordeliverytothelayerunderneath PDU–PacketDataUnit–the“envelop”informationattachedtoapacketataparticular TCP/IPprotocole.g.headerandtrailer Header(Identifiestheprotocolinuse,thesenderandintendedrecipient) Trailer(orpackettrailer)(Providesdataintegritychecksforthepayload)

  6. DataFormats Encapsulation(TCP/IP) Encapsulationexample:E-mail

  7. TCP/IPprotocolstack TCP/IPReferenceModel Whatisasocket? Aninterfacebetweenapplicationandnetwork(eachapplicationcreatesocket) Socket(Protocolfamily,type-of-communication,specific-protocol); Thesockettypedictatesthestyleofcommunication reliablevs.besteffort connection-orientedvs.connectionless Q/ExplainthedeliveryofdatainLayeredmodel?

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