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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. Moving from Notions to Numbers: Psychological Measurement. Converting Notions to Numbers. Judgment phase Are participants thinking about the same question that the researcher was thinking about? Response translation phase

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 Moving from Notions to Numbers: Psychological Measurement

  2. Converting Notions to Numbers • Judgment phase • Are participants thinking about the same question that the researcher was thinking about? • Response translation phase • Can participants translate their internal states to some kind of value on a scale?

  3. Wording Questions Well, Part 1 • Keep it simple • Use informal language • Avoid negations • Avoid double-barreled questions • Avoid forced-choice items • Avoid questions that do not yield any variance

  4. Wording Questions Well, Part II • Avoid loaded questions • Make sure questions are relevant to everyone in the study • Write multiple questions • Mix it up • Establish a judgmental context • Ease into socially sensitive questions • Ask sensitive questions sensitively • Guarantee participants’ anonymity

  5. The Response Translation Phase • Number of scale points • Importance of anchors • Use anchors to create equal intervals • Unipolar versus bipolar rating scales • Go Go EGWA! • But remember: Special cases require special scales

  6. From Writing Questions to Creating Scales • 1: Step back and think • 2: Write lots and lots of questions • 3: Analyze the scale and get the best items • Consider alternatives: • Semantic differential • Thurstone and Guttman scaling

  7. Judgment phase Response translation phase Operational definitions Pilot testing Focus group Open-ended questions Structured self-report questions Double-barreled questions Forced-choice questions Floor effects Ceiling effects Restriction of range Anchors Equal appearing intervals Key Terms from Chapter 4

  8. Unipolar scales Bipolar scales EGWA scale Absolute scale Semantic differential Thurstone scale Guttman scale Key Terms from Chapter 4

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